Question 1

A direct, gut-level response to life that involves trusting one's own feelings and perceptions is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reinforcement. 
B)  self-actualization. 
C)  conditions of worth. 
D)  organismic valuing. 
A)  self-reinforcement. 
B)  self-actualization. 
C)  conditions of worth. 
D)  organismic valuing.

Question 2

Regarding the social learning theorists' view of personality and gender, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  From birth onward, children are labeled as boys or girls and encouraged to learn appropriate gender roles. 
B)  Imitation refers to the child's emotional attachment to admired adults. 
C)  Many "male" or "female" traits come from children's attempts to imitate a same-sex parent with whom they identify. 
D)  The learning of sex-appropriate behaviors takes place vicariously as well as directly. 
A)  From birth onward, children are labeled as boys or girls and encouraged to learn appropriate gender roles. 
B)  Imitation refers to the child's emotional attachment to admired adults. 
C)  Many "male" or "female" traits come from children's attempts to imitate a same-sex parent with whom they identify. 
D)  The learning of sex-appropriate behaviors takes place vicariously as well as directly.

Question 3

The id, ego, and superego are the three mental structures that direct personality in

Accepted Answer

A)  Maslow's hierarchy of motives. 
B)  Freud's psychoanalytic theory. 
C)  Allport's trait theory of personality. 
D)  Dollard and Miller's critical situations. 
A)  Maslow's hierarchy of motives. 
B)  Freud's psychoanalytic theory. 
C)  Allport's trait theory of personality. 
D)  Dollard and Miller's critical situations.

Question 4

Which of the following are used as a form of protection against stress, anxiety, and threatening events and were first identified by Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)  organismic valuing 
B)  situational determinants 
C)  conditions of worth 
D)  ego-defense mechanisms. 
A)  organismic valuing 
B)  situational determinants 
C)  conditions of worth 
D)  ego-defense mechanisms.

Question 5

An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic therapist. 
B)  behaviorist. 
C)  humanistic therapist. 
D)  trait theorist. 
A)  psychodynamic therapist. 
B)  behaviorist. 
C)  humanistic therapist. 
D)  trait theorist.

Question 6

In order to improve Mike's grades, his mother has been using various reinforcements to encourage studying and the completion of homework.She has observed that playing a board game with him is worth more to Mike than buying him a small toy or candy treat.That Mike considers his mother's time more important to him than a toy or treat illustrates Julian Rotter's concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement value. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  the psychological situation. 
D)  an expectancy. 
A)  reinforcement value. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  the psychological situation. 
D)  an expectancy.

Question 7

Which of the following was a contribution of Freudian developmental theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud was one of the first to propose that development proceeds through a series of stages. 
B)  Freud believed that development varied from individual to individual due to learning and socialization. 
C)  Freud emphasized that the key to a healthy personality was fixation. 
D)  Because of its objective, scientific basis, Freud's theory can be used to predict future behavior. 
A)  Freud was one of the first to propose that development proceeds through a series of stages. 
B)  Freud believed that development varied from individual to individual due to learning and socialization. 
C)  Freud emphasized that the key to a healthy personality was fixation. 
D)  Because of its objective, scientific basis, Freud's theory can be used to predict future behavior.

Question 8

In Dollard and Miller's learning theory of personality, cues are

Accepted Answer

A)  stimuli that are strong enough to goad a person into action. 
B)  responses that an individual perceives in the environment. 
C)  external stimuli that signal the presence or absence of reinforcement. 
D)  such things as hunger, pain, thirst, lust, and fear. 
A)  stimuli that are strong enough to goad a person into action. 
B)  responses that an individual perceives in the environment. 
C)  external stimuli that signal the presence or absence of reinforcement. 
D)  such things as hunger, pain, thirst, lust, and fear.

Question 9

Amina is frustrated by her older brother Kelvin, who takes a toy from her.According to behavioral theorists, Amina could respond in several ways with her responses being guided by

Accepted Answer

A)  her ego ideal and the strength of her conscience. 
B)  her inborn trait dimension of agreeableness. 
C)  available cues and the previous effects of each response. 
D)  the tendency of females to engage in instrumental behaviors rather than expressive behaviors. 
A)  her ego ideal and the strength of her conscience. 
B)  her inborn trait dimension of agreeableness. 
C)  available cues and the previous effects of each response. 
D)  the tendency of females to engage in instrumental behaviors rather than expressive behaviors.

Question 10

The "Big Five" factor model of personality was based on attempts to further reduce the 16 factors developed by which theorist down to just five universal dimensions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gordon Allport 
B)  Raymond Cattell 
C)  Hans Eysenck 
D)  Dollard and Miller 
A)  Gordon Allport 
B)  Raymond Cattell 
C)  Hans Eysenck 
D)  Dollard and Miller

Question 11

A graphic representation of an individual's scores on each of the primary scales of the MMPI-2 is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A)  deviation graph. 
B)  MMPI-2 profile. 
C)  normality curve. 
D)  Ebbinghaus curve. 
A)  deviation graph. 
B)  MMPI-2 profile. 
C)  normality curve. 
D)  Ebbinghaus curve.

Question 12

Terri believes that she is a person who "never gets angry," when, in reality, she spends much of each day seething with anger inside.Rogers would say that Terri is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  incongruence. 
B)  moral anxiety. 
C)  neurotic anxiety. 
D)  organismic valuing. 
A)  incongruence. 
B)  moral anxiety. 
C)  neurotic anxiety. 
D)  organismic valuing.

Question 13

A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns define his or her __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns...

Question 14

In cultures like the United States, self-esteem is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  a person's outstanding performance. 
B)  interdependence. 
C)  collectivism. 
D)  group membership. 
A)  a person's outstanding performance. 
B)  interdependence. 
C)  collectivism. 
D)  group membership.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the major elements of shyness?

Accepted Answer

A)  social anxiety 
B)  a lack of social skills 
C)  a self-defeating bias 
D)  private self-consciousness 
A)  social anxiety 
B)  a lack of social skills 
C)  a self-defeating bias 
D)  private self-consciousness

Question 16

Raymond Cattell referred to the visible features of one's personality as __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  source 
B)  surface 
C)  common 
D)  central 
A)  source 
B)  surface 
C)  common 
D)  central

Question 17

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers would be considered

Accepted Answer

A)  trait theorists. 
B)  behaviorists. 
C)  neo-Freudians. 
D)  humanistic theorists. 
A)  trait theorists. 
B)  behaviorists. 
C)  neo-Freudians. 
D)  humanistic theorists.

Question 18

Kearstein is quiet and shy, although she is less quiet and shy when she is at family gatherings than when she is in her college class.This example of Kearstein supports the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  situational fixations. 
B)  possible selves. 
C)  incongruence. 
D)  trait-situation interaction. 
A)  situational fixations. 
B)  possible selves. 
C)  incongruence. 
D)  trait-situation interaction.

Question 19

What one becomes and where one goes in life is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic programming. 
B)  the behavior and personality traits that are "wired in" for life. 
C)  the environment. 
D)  the choices one makes, which are influenced by inherited tendencies. 
A)  genetic programming. 
B)  the behavior and personality traits that are "wired in" for life. 
C)  the environment. 
D)  the choices one makes, which are influenced by inherited tendencies.

Question 20

Sissy approaches most situations with optimism but tends to expect the worst each time she applies for a job and worries that she won't get it.If her pessimism is limited to this situation or just a few others, then

Accepted Answer

A)  optimism would still be considered a stable disposition for Sissy. 
B)  pessimism would be a more accurate trait with which to describe Sissy. 
C)  neither the trait of optimism nor the trait of pessimism should be used to describe Sissy. 
D)  trait theory would not be a good way to describe or predict Sissy's behavior. 
A)  optimism would still be considered a stable disposition for Sissy. 
B)  pessimism would be a more accurate trait with which to describe Sissy. 
C)  neither the trait of optimism nor the trait of pessimism should be used to describe Sissy. 
D)  trait theory would not be a good way to describe or predict Sissy's behavior.

A direct, gut-level response to life that involves trusting one's own feelings and perceptions is known as

Regarding the social learning theorists' view of personality and gender, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The id, ego, and superego are the three mental structures that direct personality in

Which of the following are used as a form of protection against stress, anxiety, and threatening events and were first identified by Freud?

An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a

Which of the following was a contribution of Freudian developmental theory?

In Dollard and Miller's learning theory of personality, cues are

Amina is frustrated by her older brother Kelvin, who takes a toy from her.According to behavioral theorists, Amina could respond in several ways with her responses being guided by

The "Big Five" factor model of personality was based on attempts to further reduce the 16 factors developed by which theorist down to just five universal dimensions?

A graphic representation of an individual's scores on each of the primary scales of the MMPI-2 is referred to as a

Terri believes that she is a person who "never gets angry," when, in reality, she spends much of each day seething with anger inside.Rogers would say that Terri is experiencing

A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns define his or her __________.

In cultures like the United States, self-esteem is based on

Which of the following is NOT one of the major elements of shyness?

Raymond Cattell referred to the visible features of one's personality as __________ traits.

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers would be considered

Kearstein is quiet and shy, although she is less quiet and shy when she is at family gatherings than when she is in her college class.This example of Kearstein supports the concept of

What one becomes and where one goes in life is the result of

Sissy approaches most situations with optimism but tends to expect the worst each time she applies for a job and worries that she won't get it.If her pessimism is limited to this situation or just a few others, then

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

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Exam 12: Personality.

A direct, gut-level response to life that involves trusting one's own feelings and perceptions is known as

Regarding the social learning theorists' view of personality and gender, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The id, ego, and superego are the three mental structures that direct personality in

Which of the following are used as a form of protection against stress, anxiety, and threatening events and were first identified by Freud?

An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a

Which of the following was a contribution of Freudian developmental theory?

In Dollard and Miller's learning theory of personality, cues are

Amina is frustrated by her older brother Kelvin, who takes a toy from her.According to behavioral theorists, Amina could respond in several ways with her responses being guided by

The "Big Five" factor model of personality was based on attempts to further reduce the 16 factors developed by which theorist down to just five universal dimensions?

A graphic representation of an individual's scores on each of the primary scales of the MMPI-2 is referred to as a

Terri believes that she is a person who "never gets angry," when, in reality, she spends much of each day seething with anger inside.Rogers would say that Terri is experiencing

A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns define his or her __________.

In cultures like the United States, self-esteem is based on

Which of the following is NOT one of the major elements of shyness?

Raymond Cattell referred to the visible features of one's personality as __________ traits.

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers would be considered

Kearstein is quiet and shy, although she is less quiet and shy when she is at family gatherings than when she is in her college class.This example of Kearstein supports the concept of

What one becomes and where one goes in life is the result of

Sissy approaches most situations with optimism but tends to expect the worst each time she applies for a job and worries that she won't get it.If her pessimism is limited to this situation or just a few others, then

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters