Question 1

Psychologist Peter Jonason and his colleagues​ developed a rating scale to measure the traits ofMachiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism.They called this rating scale

Accepted Answer

A)  ​The F scale. 
B)  ​The 16 PF. 
C)  ​The California Psychological Inventory. 
D)  ​The Dirty Dozen. 
A)  ​The F scale. 
B)  ​The 16 PF. 
C)  ​The California Psychological Inventory. 
D)  ​The Dirty Dozen.

Question 2

Psychoanalytic theorists view which of the following as barriers to personal growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixations 
B)  conditions of worth 
C)  unhealthy traits 
D)  maladaptive habits 
A)  fixations 
B)  conditions of worth 
C)  unhealthy traits 
D)  maladaptive habits

Question 3

The trait ofMachiavellianism would be indicated by a high score on which of the following statements from The Dirty Dozen rating scale?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​I tend to manipulate others to get my way. 
B)  ​I tend to want others to admire me. 
C)  ​I tend to be cynical. 
D)  ​I tend to expect special favors from others. 
A)  ​I tend to manipulate others to get my way. 
B)  ​I tend to want others to admire me. 
C)  ​I tend to be cynical. 
D)  ​I tend to expect special favors from others.

Question 4

When Emily becomes stressed by her job as an elementary teacher, she always heads to the teachers' lounge to talk her problems over with her fellow teachers.Emily would be described by Karen Horney as using which mode of interacting?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​moving toward others 
B)  ​moving away others 
C)  ​moving against others 
D)  ​moving with others toward interdependence 
A)  ​moving toward others 
B)  ​moving away others 
C)  ​moving against others 
D)  ​moving with others toward interdependence

Question 5

According to humanistic therapists, if we receive affirmation and support from a close partner, we are more likely to move toward

Accepted Answer

A)  conditions of worth. 
B)  our ideal selves. 
C)  a state of incongruence. 
D)  the development of a superego. 
A)  conditions of worth. 
B)  our ideal selves. 
C)  a state of incongruence. 
D)  the development of a superego.

Question 6

Regarding Freud's theories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud's theory provides numerous ways to explain almost any thought, action, or feeling after it has occurred but leads to few predictions, which makes his claims difficult to test. 
B)  Contemporary psychodynamic theorists do not share Freud's focus on the motivating power of sex and death and see other motives and cognitive factors as of equal importance. 
C)  Freud's idea of the role of a stern or threatening father in the development of a strong conscience in males and his ideas on the development of women have been accepted by contemporary psychodynamic theorists. 
D)  Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, which cover development from birth to old age, are a modern offshoot of Freudian thinking. 
A)  Freud's theory provides numerous ways to explain almost any thought, action, or feeling after it has occurred but leads to few predictions, which makes his claims difficult to test. 
B)  Contemporary psychodynamic theorists do not share Freud's focus on the motivating power of sex and death and see other motives and cognitive factors as of equal importance. 
C)  Freud's idea of the role of a stern or threatening father in the development of a strong conscience in males and his ideas on the development of women have been accepted by contemporary psychodynamic theorists. 
D)  Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, which cover development from birth to old age, are a modern offshoot of Freudian thinking.

Question 7

In the behaviorist view of development, the core of personality is shaped by early learning experiences and by praise, attention, and approval from others, which is also called

Accepted Answer

A)  congruence. 
B)  the superego. 
C)  social reinforcement. 
D)  self-efficacy. 
A)  congruence. 
B)  the superego. 
C)  social reinforcement. 
D)  self-efficacy.

Question 8

Shy people's difficulties with social skills and making conversation can be easily overcome by waiting for the other person to start the conversation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

For the social learning theorists, which of the following would most closely match the concept of a moral conscience?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ideal self 
B)  self-reinforcement 
C)  the superego 
D)  the trait of honesty 
A)  the ideal self 
B)  self-reinforcement 
C)  the superego 
D)  the trait of honesty

Question 10

If you believe that behavior is influenced by external situations and circumstances, then you would most likely agree with which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Almost anyone would be polite at a wedding reception; it doesn't matter what kind of personality the person has. 
B)  Most people I have known for several years have pretty much the same personalities now as they did when I first met them. 
C)  To be comfortable in a particular job, a person's personality must match the nature of the work. 
D)  One of the first things I would want to know about a potential roommate is what the person's personality is like. 
A)  Almost anyone would be polite at a wedding reception; it doesn't matter what kind of personality the person has. 
B)  Most people I have known for several years have pretty much the same personalities now as they did when I first met them. 
C)  To be comfortable in a particular job, a person's personality must match the nature of the work. 
D)  One of the first things I would want to know about a potential roommate is what the person's personality is like.

Question 11

Formal personality measures

Accepted Answer

A)  are no more accurate than the casual ways we use to judge people. 
B)  are refinements of the more casual ways we use to judge people. 
C)  include only tests, such as projective tests. 
D)  include only tests, such as objective questionnaires. 
A)  are no more accurate than the casual ways we use to judge people. 
B)  are refinements of the more casual ways we use to judge people. 
C)  include only tests, such as projective tests. 
D)  include only tests, such as objective questionnaires.

Question 12

Overt, observable traits are directly identified by using

Accepted Answer

A)  projective techniques. 
B)  the Thematic Apperception Test. 
C)  interviews and personality questionnaires. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  projective techniques. 
B)  the Thematic Apperception Test. 
C)  interviews and personality questionnaires. 
D)  all of these.

Question 13

Exposing a person to simulated conditions to learn how he or she reacts under those conditions is called

Accepted Answer

A)  situational testing. 
B)  stress testing. 
C)  unstructured interviewing. 
D)  field rating. 
A)  situational testing. 
B)  stress testing. 
C)  unstructured interviewing. 
D)  field rating.

Question 14

Raymond Cattell measured the visible features of personality, which he called surface traits, and found that these traits clustered together to form more basic traits, which he called source traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

One's private perceptions of reality, which are perceived and interpreted not always as they really exist, is referred to as one's

Accepted Answer

A)  ego ideal. 
B)  human nature. 
C)  subjective experience. 
D)  self-actualization. 
A)  ego ideal. 
B)  human nature. 
C)  subjective experience. 
D)  self-actualization.

Question 16

A person states that most people he has known for several years have pretty much the same personalities now as they did when he first met them.This person believes that the behavior of the people he knows is strongly influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  personality traits. 
B)  external situations. 
C)  ego defense mechanisms. 
D)  a striving for consistency and congruence. 
A)  personality traits. 
B)  external situations. 
C)  ego defense mechanisms. 
D)  a striving for consistency and congruence.

Question 17

Marty tends to be shy and prefers solitary hobbies, such as reading, constructing models, and fishing alone.Carl Jung would have classified Marty as

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotic. 
B)  an extrovert. 
C)  an introvert. 
D)  androgynous. 
A)  neurotic. 
B)  an extrovert. 
C)  an introvert. 
D)  androgynous.

Question 18

The influence that external settings or circumstances have on the expression of personality traits is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic theory. 
B)  behavioral factor analysis. 
C)  behavioral genetics. 
D)  trait-situation interaction. 
A)  psychodynamic theory. 
B)  behavioral factor analysis. 
C)  behavioral genetics. 
D)  trait-situation interaction.

Question 19

Eysenck saw the characteristics of personality as being related to the four types of temperament first recognized by the early Greeks.Which of the following is the correct match between the temperament and its definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  melancholic---sluggish, calm 
B)  choleric--------hot-tempered, irritable 
C)  sanguine-------sad, gloomy 
D)  phlegmatic-----cheerful, hopeful 
A)  melancholic---sluggish, calm 
B)  choleric--------hot-tempered, irritable 
C)  sanguine-------sad, gloomy 
D)  phlegmatic-----cheerful, hopeful

Question 20

Freud's belief that women do not develop as strong a conscience as men is best understood as a reflection of

Accepted Answer

A)  women's less aggressive natures. 
B)  the male-dominated times in which Freud lived. 
C)  how males and females become orally fixated. 
D)  organismic valuing. 
A)  women's less aggressive natures. 
B)  the male-dominated times in which Freud lived. 
C)  how males and females become orally fixated. 
D)  organismic valuing.

Psychologist Peter Jonason and his colleagues developed a rating scale to measure the traits ofMachiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism.They called this rating scale

Psychoanalytic theorists view which of the following as barriers to personal growth?

The trait ofMachiavellianism would be indicated by a high score on which of the following statements from The Dirty Dozen rating scale?

When Emily becomes stressed by her job as an elementary teacher, she always heads to the teachers' lounge to talk her problems over with her fellow teachers.Emily would be described by Karen Horney as using which mode of interacting?

According to humanistic therapists, if we receive affirmation and support from a close partner, we are more likely to move toward

Regarding Freud's theories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

In the behaviorist view of development, the core of personality is shaped by early learning experiences and by praise, attention, and approval from others, which is also called

Shy people's difficulties with social skills and making conversation can be easily overcome by waiting for the other person to start the conversation.

For the social learning theorists, which of the following would most closely match the concept of a moral conscience?

If you believe that behavior is influenced by external situations and circumstances, then you would most likely agree with which statement?

Formal personality measures

Overt, observable traits are directly identified by using

Exposing a person to simulated conditions to learn how he or she reacts under those conditions is called

Raymond Cattell measured the visible features of personality, which he called surface traits, and found that these traits clustered together to form more basic traits, which he called source traits.

One's private perceptions of reality, which are perceived and interpreted not always as they really exist, is referred to as one's

A person states that most people he has known for several years have pretty much the same personalities now as they did when he first met them.This person believes that the behavior of the people he knows is strongly influenced by

Marty tends to be shy and prefers solitary hobbies, such as reading, constructing models, and fishing alone.Carl Jung would have classified Marty as

The influence that external settings or circumstances have on the expression of personality traits is referred to as

Eysenck saw the characteristics of personality as being related to the four types of temperament first recognized by the early Greeks.Which of the following is the correct match between the temperament and its definition?

Freud's belief that women do not develop as strong a conscience as men is best understood as a reflection of

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters

Exam 12: Personality.

Psychologist Peter Jonason and his colleagues​ developed a rating scale to measure the traits ofMachiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism.They called this rating scale

Psychoanalytic theorists view which of the following as barriers to personal growth?

The trait ofMachiavellianism would be indicated by a high score on which of the following statements from The Dirty Dozen rating scale?

When Emily becomes stressed by her job as an elementary teacher, she always heads to the teachers' lounge to talk her problems over with her fellow teachers.Emily would be described by Karen Horney as using which mode of interacting?​

According to humanistic therapists, if we receive affirmation and support from a close partner, we are more likely to move toward

Regarding Freud's theories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

In the behaviorist view of development, the core of personality is shaped by early learning experiences and by praise, attention, and approval from others, which is also called

Shy people's difficulties with social skills and making conversation can be easily overcome by waiting for the other person to start the conversation.

For the social learning theorists, which of the following would most closely match the concept of a moral conscience?

If you believe that behavior is influenced by external situations and circumstances, then you would most likely agree with which statement?

Formal personality measures

Overt, observable traits are directly identified by using

Exposing a person to simulated conditions to learn how he or she reacts under those conditions is called

Raymond Cattell measured the visible features of personality, which he called surface traits, and found that these traits clustered together to form more basic traits, which he called source traits.

One's private perceptions of reality, which are perceived and interpreted not always as they really exist, is referred to as one's

A person states that most people he has known for several years have pretty much the same personalities now as they did when he first met them.This person believes that the behavior of the people he knows is strongly influenced by

Marty tends to be shy and prefers solitary hobbies, such as reading, constructing models, and fishing alone.Carl Jung would have classified Marty as

The influence that external settings or circumstances have on the expression of personality traits is referred to as

Eysenck saw the characteristics of personality as being related to the four types of temperament first recognized by the early Greeks.Which of the following is the correct match between the temperament and its definition?

Freud's belief that women do not develop as strong a conscience as men is best understood as a reflection of

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters

Psychologist Peter Jonason and his colleagues developed a rating scale to measure the traits ofMachiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism.They called this rating scale

When Emily becomes stressed by her job as an elementary teacher, she always heads to the teachers' lounge to talk her problems over with her fellow teachers.Emily would be described by Karen Horney as using which mode of interacting?