Exam 3: Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Aspects of Nutrition

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The general term or category for a non-energy-requiring mechanism whereby a substance moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is _______________.

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Subatomic units that are positively charged are called _____.

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The fundamental units of matter are called _____.

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Why does poor nutrition often result in even further declines in nutrition and health?

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The three main types of passive transport mechanisms for control of movement of substances into and out of cells are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and _____.

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The term “GI _____” refers to the mixing and propulsion of material by muscular contractions in the GI tract.

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The ionization of acid molecules is the basis for the pH scale.

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_______________ typically affects the lower GI tract, causing abdominal pain, muscle spasms, diarrhea, and/or constipation, but results in no known structural abnormalities.

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Mechanoreceptors detect stretching or distension in the walls of the GI tract

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_____ foods contain live bacterial cultures that colonize the colon and have health-promoting benefits.

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By the time food leaves the stomach it has mixed with gastric juice and has been transformed into a semi-liquid paste called _____.

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The small intestine is made up of three regions—the duodenum, the jejunum, and the rectum.

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Which condition is characterized by the movement (reflux) of the stomach contents back into the esophagus?

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What system controls physiological functions through production and release of hormones?

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As a result of cancer, Mike had to have part of his cecum removed. Mike is probably at less risk for nutrient absorption problems than he would be if part of his _____ had been removed.

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The juices that may prevent bacteria from adhering to the bladder lining and causing a urinary tract infection are _____.

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The extent to which a nutrient is absorbed is called its _____.

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The reaction shown here represents _____. H2 →\rightarrow 2H+ + 2e-

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Brit was eating quickly in order to get to her next class. Though she began to choke when she tried to swallow a large bite of her sandwich, her _____ covered the trachea during swallowing so that the sandwich did not go into the lungs.

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While driving, you see an ad for your favorite fast food place and your stomach begins to growl. Which phase of digestion is occurring?

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