Exam 3: Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Aspects of Nutrition

What are proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids composed of?

If the pH of one glass of lemonade is 4 and the pH of a second glass of lemonade is 5, the second glass of lemonade is _____ than the first glass.

A peptic ulcer results when the unprotected lining of the esophagus is repeatedly exposed to gastric juice.

The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause of urinary tract infections.

The process used to transport some molecules across cell membranes against the prevailing concentration gradient requires _____ and _____.

The attractive force between atoms formed through the transfer or sharing of electrons is called _____.

The energy-requiring mechanism whereby molecules move into or out of cells by way of an enclosed vesicle, known as _______________ transport, takes two major forms: _______________ (in which substances are released into the cytoplasm) and _______________ (in which substances are released into the extracellular fluid).

The movement of water across cell membranes is is carefully regulated by _____ within and surrounding the cell.

Organs consis_____.

In the GI tract, there is a single sphincter that regulates the flow of the luminal contents from one organ to the next.

Uncharged neutrons and positively charged electrons are both housed in the nucleus of an atom.

The hepatic portal vein links the liver and the _____.

Digestive enzymes catalyze hydrolytic chemical reactions that break chemical bonds by the addition of water.

In the process called osmosis, solutes move across a selectively permeable membrane.

The digestive system consists of the organs of the GI tract and _____ organs.

In the notation 3 C₆H₁₂O₆, what does the “three” indicate?

One of the most important functions of cholecystokinin (CCK) is to _____.

GI motility and the release of GI secretions are coordinated with the introduction of _____ into each of the regions of the GI tract.

The variety of secretions needed for digestion are produced and released from accessory organs and from specialized cells in the _____ of the GI tract.

Which ois true of IBS?