Question 1

Which of the following processes is used by the nephron to move chemicals from tubular fluid back into the blood (labeled 2 in the diagram)?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion 
D) both glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption 
E) all of the choices are correct 
A) glomerular filtration 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) tubular secretion 
D) both glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption 
E) all of the choices are correct

Question 2

An increase in the osmolarity of body fluids due to dehydration is sensed by osmoreceptors in the _____ leading to the release of _____ from the posterior pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

A) posterior pituitary gland, ADH 
B) anterior pituitary gland, ACTH 
C) hypothalamus, ADH 
D) hypothalamus, aldosterone 
E) hypothalamus, ACTH 
A) posterior pituitary gland, ADH 
B) anterior pituitary gland, ACTH 
C) hypothalamus, ADH 
D) hypothalamus, aldosterone 
E) hypothalamus, ACTH

Question 3

Define glomerular filtration rate.

Accepted Answer

The glomerular filtr

Question 4

The collecting area of the kidney consists of the regions labeled H, I, and J in the diagram. Which of the following answer selections properly indicates the names of these regions?

Accepted Answer

A) H- Minor calyx, I - Major calyx, J - Renal pelvis 
B) H- Major calyx, I - Minor calyx, J - Renal pelvis 
C) H- Renal pelvis, I - Major calyx, J - Minor calyx 
D) H- Renal papilla, I - Minor calyx, J - Major calyx 
E) H- Minor renal column, I - Major renal column, J - Renal pelvis 
A) H- Minor calyx, I - Major calyx, J - Renal pelvis 
B) H- Major calyx, I - Minor calyx, J - Renal pelvis 
C) H- Renal pelvis, I - Major calyx, J - Minor calyx 
D) H- Renal papilla, I - Minor calyx, J - Major calyx 
E) H- Minor renal column, I - Major renal column, J - Renal pelvis

Question 5

The opening and closing of the internal urethral sphincter is involuntary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Urinary tract infections and dysuria are less common in the elderly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The terminal portion of the urinary system consists of a small tube that extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body called the

Accepted Answer

A) uvula 
B) external urethral orifice 
C) ureter 
D) urethra 
E) collecting duct 
A) uvula 
B) external urethral orifice 
C) ureter 
D) urethra 
E) collecting duct

Question 8

The filtrate formed in the glomerular capsule moves into the proximal convoluted tubule and then the nephron loop. It then travels through the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting tubules, which empty into the calyces and finally the renal pelvis. From there, urine goes through the ureters to urinary bladder and eventually out the urethra.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The blood pressure in the glomerulus can be increased by vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following represents the correct order of anatomical structures found in a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule 
B) proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule 
C) glomerular capsule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule 
D) distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop 
E) glomerular capsule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule 
A) glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule 
B) proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule 
C) glomerular capsule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule 
D) distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop 
E) glomerular capsule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule

Question 11

From the collecting ducts of the nephrons, urine drains directly into the

Accepted Answer

A) renal pelvis 
B) urinary bladder 
C) minor calyces 
D) major calyces 
E) ureter 
A) renal pelvis 
B) urinary bladder 
C) minor calyces 
D) major calyces 
E) ureter

Question 12

After the tubular fluid reaches the renal pelvis, its composition will not significantly change and it will be excreted from the body as urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The renal pyramids are located in the

Accepted Answer

A) renal cortex 
B) renal medulla 
C) urinary bladder 
D) renal pelvis 
E) renal papilla 
A) renal cortex 
B) renal medulla 
C) urinary bladder 
D) renal pelvis 
E) renal papilla

Question 14

The functions of the kidneys include

Accepted Answer

A) regulation of blood volume. 
B) control of blood pressure. 
C) secretion of erythropoietin. 
D) regulation of blood pH. 
E) all of the choices are correct. 
A) regulation of blood volume. 
B) control of blood pressure. 
C) secretion of erythropoietin. 
D) regulation of blood pH. 
E) all of the choices are correct.

Question 15

The peritubular capillaries drain directly into the

Accepted Answer

A) arcuate veins 
B) cortical radiate veins 
C) interlobar veins 
D) segmental veins 
E) renal vein 
A) arcuate veins 
B) cortical radiate veins 
C) interlobar veins 
D) segmental veins 
E) renal vein

Question 16

On average, a normal adult excretes _____ liters of urine per day.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 to 2 
B) 2 to 3 
C) 3 to 4 
D) 4 to 5 
E) < 1 
A) 1 to 2 
B) 2 to 3 
C) 3 to 4 
D) 4 to 5 
E) < 1

Question 17

The first step in urine formation is

Accepted Answer

A) tubular secretion 
B) secretion of ADH 
C) tubular reabsorption 
D) urinary excretion 
E) glomerular filtration 
A) tubular secretion 
B) secretion of ADH 
C) tubular reabsorption 
D) urinary excretion 
E) glomerular filtration

Question 18

Which of the labeled structures in the kidney represent the point where changes in the urine composition cease to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) F 
C) G 
D) I 
E) K 
A) A 
B) F 
C) G 
D) I 
E) K

Question 19

The two most important hormonal regulators of ion secretion and reabsorption are angiotensin II and antidiuretic hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra is called

Accepted Answer

A) retention 
B) defecation 
C) micturition 
D) filtration 
E) expectoration 
A) retention 
B) defecation 
C) micturition 
D) filtration 
E) expectoration

Exam 21: The Urinary System

Which of the following processes is used by the nephron to move chemicals from tubular fluid back into the blood (labeled 2 in the diagram)?

An increase in the osmolarity of body fluids due to dehydration is sensed by osmoreceptors in the _____ leading to the release of _____ from the posterior pituitary gland.

Define glomerular filtration rate.

The collecting area of the kidney consists of the regions labeled H, I, and J in the diagram. Which of the following answer selections properly indicates the names of these regions?

The opening and closing of the internal urethral sphincter is involuntary.

Urinary tract infections and dysuria are less common in the elderly.

The terminal portion of the urinary system consists of a small tube that extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body called the

The blood pressure in the glomerulus can be increased by vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole.

Which of the following represents the correct order of anatomical structures found in a nephron?

From the collecting ducts of the nephrons, urine drains directly into the

After the tubular fluid reaches the renal pelvis, its composition will not significantly change and it will be excreted from the body as urine.

The renal pyramids are located in the

The functions of the kidneys include

The peritubular capillaries drain directly into the

On average, a normal adult excretes _____ liters of urine per day.

The first step in urine formation is

Which of the labeled structures in the kidney represent the point where changes in the urine composition cease to occur?

The two most important hormonal regulators of ion secretion and reabsorption are angiotensin II and antidiuretic hormone.

The process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra is called

Organization of the Human Body

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An increase in the osmolarity of body fluids due to dehydration is sensed by osmoreceptors in the _ leading to the release of _ from the posterior pituitary gland.