Question 1

All of the following are functions of ions in body fluids EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) control movement of water between fluid compartments. 
B) help maintain acid-base balance. 
C) used as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. 
D) carry electrical current across membranes. 
E) serve as cofactors for enzymes. 
A) control movement of water between fluid compartments. 
B) help maintain acid-base balance. 
C) used as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. 
D) carry electrical current across membranes. 
E) serve as cofactors for enzymes. C

Question 2

What type of receptors (labeled B in the diagram)are used to sense increased blood osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) baroreceptors 
B) nociceptors 
C) proprioceptors 
D) mechanoreceptors 
E) osmoreceptors 
A) baroreceptors 
B) nociceptors 
C) proprioceptors 
D) mechanoreceptors 
E) osmoreceptors E

Question 3

An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration of a body fluid results in

Accepted Answer

A) lower pH. 
B) more acidic conditions. 
C) higher pH. 
D) lower pH and more acidic conditions. 
E) more acidic conditions and higher pH. 
A) lower pH. 
B) more acidic conditions. 
C) higher pH. 
D) lower pH and more acidic conditions. 
E) more acidic conditions and higher pH. D

Question 4

The type of body fluid found inside cells is called

Accepted Answer

A) plasma 
B) extracellular fluid 
C) interstitial fluid 
D) intracellular fluid 
E) water 
A) plasma 
B) extracellular fluid 
C) interstitial fluid 
D) intracellular fluid 
E) water

Question 5

Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland is stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A) low osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid. 
B) alcohol consumption. 
C) increased blood volume. 
D) increased osmotic pressure of plasma. 
E) all of the choices are correct. 
A) low osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid. 
B) alcohol consumption. 
C) increased blood volume. 
D) increased osmotic pressure of plasma. 
E) all of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following is the major extracellular anion?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate 
B) calcium 
C) magnesium 
D) chloride 
E) potassium 
A) phosphate 
B) calcium 
C) magnesium 
D) chloride 
E) potassium

Question 7

The signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia include

Accepted Answer

A) lethargy 
B) bone pain 
C) muscle cramps 
D) numbness and tingling of fingers 
E) lethargy and bone pain 
A) lethargy 
B) bone pain 
C) muscle cramps 
D) numbness and tingling of fingers 
E) lethargy and bone pain

Question 8

Body fluids lost by excessive sweating during physical activity are most efficiently replaced by drinking pure water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Excessive fluid accumulation in the blood results in hypotension.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the labeled sets of bars in the graph would best represent the concentration of potassium ions in the body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 11

Using the percentages and fractions given in the diagram, what would the volume of interstitial fluid be in an average male with a body weight of 100 kilograms?

Accepted Answer

A) 60 liters 
B) 40 liters 
C) 20 liters 
D) 16 liters 
E) 4 liters 
A) 60 liters 
B) 40 liters 
C) 20 liters 
D) 16 liters 
E) 4 liters

Question 12

When the plasma concentration of calcium decreases below normal, calcitonin is released from the thyroid gland to stimulate bone resorption leading to the release of calcium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, lymph, aqueous humor, endolymph, and perilymph are all considered to be

Accepted Answer

A) intracellular fluids 
B) extracellular fluids 
C) interstitial fluids 
D) both extracellular fluid and interstitial fluid 
E) none of the choices is correct 
A) intracellular fluids 
B) extracellular fluids 
C) interstitial fluids 
D) both extracellular fluid and interstitial fluid 
E) none of the choices is correct

Question 14

An increase in the CO2 concentration of the plasma leads to a drop in its pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Explain water intoxication.

Accepted Answer

When a person consumes water faster than

Question 16

Aldosterone is the main hormone that regulates calcium concentrations in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following anions diffuses easily between extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) chloride 
C) sulfate 
D) phosphate 
E) none of these anions move freely between ECF and ICF 
A) proteins 
B) chloride 
C) sulfate 
D) phosphate 
E) none of these anions move freely between ECF and ICF

Question 18

A decrease in the sodium concentration of plasma causes the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Increased depth and rate of respiration

Accepted Answer

A) removes carbon dioxide from the blood. 
B) reduces the hydrogen ion concentration in blood. 
C) increases the pH of blood. 
D) causes all of these events. 
E) causes none of these events. 
A) removes carbon dioxide from the blood. 
B) reduces the hydrogen ion concentration in blood. 
C) increases the pH of blood. 
D) causes all of these events. 
E) causes none of these events.

Question 20

The major difference in the composition of the plasma versus the interstitial fluid is

Accepted Answer

A) osmolarity. 
B) concentration of carbohydrates. 
C) concentration of solutes. 
D) concentration of protein anions. 
E) concentration of sodium ions. 
A) osmolarity. 
B) concentration of carbohydrates. 
C) concentration of solutes. 
D) concentration of protein anions. 
E) concentration of sodium ions.

Exam 22: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

All of the following are functions of ions in body fluids EXCEPT

What type of receptors (labeled B in the diagram)are used to sense increased blood osmotic pressure?

An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration of a body fluid results in

The type of body fluid found inside cells is called

Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland is stimulated by

Which of the following is the major extracellular anion?

The signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia include

Body fluids lost by excessive sweating during physical activity are most efficiently replaced by drinking pure water.

Excessive fluid accumulation in the blood results in hypotension.

Which of the labeled sets of bars in the graph would best represent the concentration of potassium ions in the body fluids?

Using the percentages and fractions given in the diagram, what would the volume of interstitial fluid be in an average male with a body weight of 100 kilograms?

When the plasma concentration of calcium decreases below normal, calcitonin is released from the thyroid gland to stimulate bone resorption leading to the release of calcium.

Peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, lymph, aqueous humor, endolymph, and perilymph are all considered to be

An increase in the CO2 concentration of the plasma leads to a drop in its pH.

Explain water intoxication.

Aldosterone is the main hormone that regulates calcium concentrations in the blood.

Which of the following anions diffuses easily between extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments?

A decrease in the sodium concentration of plasma causes the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland.

Increased depth and rate of respiration

The major difference in the composition of the plasma versus the interstitial fluid is

Organization of the Human Body

Introductory Chemistry

Cells

Tissues

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

Joints

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

Central Nervous System, Spinal Nerves, and Cranial Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Senses and Special Sense

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

The Urinary System

The Reproductive Systems

Development and Inheritance

Filters

An increase in the CO₂ concentration of the plasma leads to a drop in its pH.