Exam 22: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

During activities that lead to excessive sweating, it is wise to begin drinking fluids even before the sensation of thirst appears.

Due to a decrease in the number and efficiency of sweat glands, water loss from the skin declines with age.

Dehydration decreases the production of saliva.

All of the following are signs and symptoms of hyponatremia EXCEPT

Which of the following extracellular fluids is found in the inner ear?

The most abundant buffer system in blood plasma and intracellular fluid is the

Acidosis and alkalosis have opposite effects on the central nervous system; the former depresses it while the latter excites it.

All of the following hormones are involved in regulation of fluid balance in the body EXCEPT

Name the major ions found in body fluids and briefly describe their primary location.

The two ways that the body gains water are

Both electrolytes and water can be lost through the processes of perspiration, defecation, and urination.

More acids than bases are produced by normal cellular metabolism.

Which of the following is a weak base that can be used to buffer the intracellular accumulation of acid that occurs during metabolism?

Because acidosis results in increased excitation of the neurons of the central nervous system, it can cause convulsions and muscle spasms.

Calcium is involved in blood clotting.

The ionic composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids differs considerably.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is converted to calcitriol, which promotes the intestinal absorption of

The pH of extracellular fluid, such as blood plasma, of a healthy person is

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the impaired ability of older adults to maintain fluid, electrolyte and pH balance?

The dehydration sensors in the body stimulate the thirst center in response to