Exam 15: Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Which type of microorganism produces most of the known antibiotics?

Explain why DNA (or RNA) vaccines would escape the surveillance of the host's immune system.

Bt- toxin is an example of a product produced in bulk quantities with the function of being a(n)

Which microorganism is currently the primary producer of bioethanol in the United States?

Malolactic acid fermentation occurs in_________ and is performed to ________the acidity in wines.

By definition, a wine is a beverage made from fermentation of grapes or grape products.

What process follows fermentation to obtain higher concentrations of ethanol in high alcohol content beverages?

The first commercialized product from genetic engineering was

The Ti vector system that has been used for the transfer of genes to plants is a binary vector that can replicate in both _________ and________ .

The presence of lipopolysaccharides in genetically engineered human proteins has the potential to elicit a toxic response in humans.

Discuss the usefulness of fusion vectors for protein (product) purification.

Compared to commercial wine yeasts, wild yeasts are

There are strict regulations that limit pyrogen content to be safe for humans only when at or below 1% of the total product formed from transgenic microorganisms.

The EnviropigTM has been genetically modified to minimize algal blooms and fish die offs.

Discuss several uses of genetic engineering in the food industry.

Describe a major problem in scaling up from a small batch culture in the lab to a large- scaled fermentor. Also explain how the problem is assuaged or avoided.

Gene therapy of diseases caused by mutations in one gene has been very effective in cows but has not yet been demonstrated in humans.

Eukaryotic mRNA contains ________at the 3' end, which allows for easy separation if a cell extract is passed over a chromatographic column containing strands of poly(T) linked to a cellulose support.

Explain the role of the Ti plasmid in agricultural genetic engineering as well as its natural role in the environment.

________are needed to express eukaryotic genes in bacteria.