Exam 3: Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Which of these statements is TRUE?

Pathogenic bacteria that contain S- layers are protected against host defense mechanisms.

Translocases are specific for the transport of

Despite the invariance of the peptidoglycan backbone's structure, there are more than 100 different types of peptidoglycan.

Bacteria stain as gram- positive or gram- negative because of differences in the cell

In general, lipids in the archaeal membrane lack true fatty acids.

Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram- negative cell walls.

Construct a chart to show at least five major differences between the cell wall and the cell membrane of bacterial cells and archaeal cells.

The proton motive force is responsible for driving many energy- requiring functions in the cell, including some forms of_______ ,_______ , and biosynthesis of ________ .

Organisms may respond to temporal rather than spatial gradients.

Nutrients and waste products pass into and out of a cell in proportion to the cell's size.

Lysozyme is an enzyme that can ultimately lyse and kill bacterial cells by breaking fi- 1,4- glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan.

The polysaccharide pseudomurein is present in the walls of

Compare and contrast fimbriae and pili.

Some of the intestinal symptoms elicited by pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia are due to the presence of_______ .

As a general statement, inclusions function as energy reserves or as a reservoir of structural building blocks.

The membrane of a gas vesicle is composed of

Negatively charged molecules that are partially responsible for the negative charge of the gram- positive bacterial cell surface are

Porins are channels in the outer membranes of gram- positive Bacteria.

Explain why protein export is important for microorganisms.