Exam 8: Regulation of Gene Expression

In________ the external signal is transmitted to a sensor that transmits the signal to the rest of the regulatory machinery.

As a general rule, any given gene has only one type of control system.

Three classes of protein domains that are critical for proper binding of DNA- binding proteins to DNA in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes include _________,________ , and________.

Attenuation occurs in the biosynthetic pathway for phenylalanine in Escherichia coli. Therefore, the leader sequence for this pathway will be rich in which of the following?

Small molecules usually act directly (rather than indirectly) in regulating transcription.

For the CRP protein to bind to the DNA in the promoter region and thus facilitate translation, a sufficiently high level of cyclic AMP must be present.

In discussing the control of enzyme transcription, it is essential to consider the cell's environment.

The two general kinds of protein- nucleic acid interactions are _________ and _________ .

Alternative sigma factors in the cell regulate the

Proteins and RNA molecules that are needed in the cell, at about the same level under all growth conditions, require constitutive expression.

The domain frequently found in eukaryotic regulatory proteins that binds to a zinc ion is commonly called the________ .

Proteins that bind to DNA can either block or activate transcription.

Effector molecules that influence enzyme synthesis include both _ ________and _________.

Controlling the activity of an enzyme is an inefficient use of the organism's energy.

How is transcription in Archaea controlled?

Enzymes carry out the different biochemical reactions needed for cell growth.

________is a type of control that occurs after the initiation of transcription but before its completion.

Explain the difference(s) between how prokaryotes and eukaryotes regulate gene expression.

In considering the function of heat shock proteins, why is it not a surprise that these proteins are both highly conserved and very ancient? Provide your reasoning.

How is the leucine zipper formed, and what is its function?