Question 1

During the oxidation of glucose in the cell, most of the energy is released:

Accepted Answer

A) all at once. 
B) in small amounts. 
C) via mechanisms that require many kinds of molecules. 
D) via mechanisms that result in high temperatures. 
E) in a way that requires the input of 686 kilocalories of energy. 
A) all at once. 
B) in small amounts. 
C) via mechanisms that require many kinds of molecules. 
D) via mechanisms that result in high temperatures. 
E) in a way that requires the input of 686 kilocalories of energy.

Question 2

Oxidation is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

A) loss of electrons. 
B) loss of protons. 
C) loss of electrons and protons. 
D) gain of electrons. 
E) gain of protons. 
A) loss of electrons. 
B) loss of protons. 
C) loss of electrons and protons. 
D) gain of electrons. 
E) gain of protons.

Question 3

In all naturally occurring processes:

Accepted Answer

A) ΔH is positive. 
B) ΔH is negative. 
C) ΔS is positive. 
D) ΔS is negative. 
E) ΔG is negative. 
A) ΔH is positive. 
B) ΔH is negative. 
C) ΔS is positive. 
D) ΔS is negative. 
E) ΔG is negative.

Question 4

Entropy refers to the ______ of a system.

Accepted Answer

A) heat content 
B) free energy 
C) potential energy 
D) disorder or randomness 
E) kinetic energy 
A) heat content 
B) free energy 
C) potential energy 
D) disorder or randomness 
E) kinetic energy

Question 5

Which of the following statements about sucrose synthesis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Under standard thermodynamic conditions sucrose synthesis is endergonic. 
B) In the cell, sucrose synthesis is endergonic. 
C) In the cell, sucrose synthesis involves the phosphorylation of glucose. 
D) In the cell, sucrose synthesis involves the phosphorylation of fructose. 
E) In the cell, sucrose synthesis is coupled with ATP hydrolysis. 
A) Under standard thermodynamic conditions sucrose synthesis is endergonic. 
B) In the cell, sucrose synthesis is endergonic. 
C) In the cell, sucrose synthesis involves the phosphorylation of glucose. 
D) In the cell, sucrose synthesis involves the phosphorylation of fructose. 
E) In the cell, sucrose synthesis is coupled with ATP hydrolysis.

Question 6

A principal factor regulating enzyme activity in cells is the amount of substrate available.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In an allosteric enzyme, the substrate binds at the ______ site and the regulatory substance binds at the ______ site.

Accepted Answer

A) active; effector 
B) effector; active 
C) active; inhibitor 
D) inhibitor; active 
E) inhibitor; effector 
A) active; effector 
B) effector; active 
C) active; inhibitor 
D) inhibitor; active 
E) inhibitor; effector

Question 8

When an enzyme is denatured it loses its shape.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

One way of stating the second law of thermodynamics is:

Accepted Answer

A) although energy can be changed from one form to another, it can be neither created nor destroyed. 
B) the entropy of the universe is increasing. 
C) free energy is equal to the total potential energy minus the entropy. 
D) enthalpy is the total potential energy of a system. 
E) the activation energy of a reaction is always positive. 
A) although energy can be changed from one form to another, it can be neither created nor destroyed. 
B) the entropy of the universe is increasing. 
C) free energy is equal to the total potential energy minus the entropy. 
D) enthalpy is the total potential energy of a system. 
E) the activation energy of a reaction is always positive.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about living cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They expend energy to maintain order. 
B) They are at equilibrium with their surroundings. 
C) They are open systems. 
D) They transform energy. 
E) As they transform energy, they dissipate heat. 
A) They expend energy to maintain order. 
B) They are at equilibrium with their surroundings. 
C) They are open systems. 
D) They transform energy. 
E) As they transform energy, they dissipate heat.

Question 11

Denaturation of an enzyme refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A) proper arrangement of the enzyme in a metabolic pathway. 
B) improper arrangement of the enzyme in a metabolic pathway. 
C) loss of the enzyme's proper shape. 
D) formation of the enzyme's proper shape. 
E) formation of a new isozyme for that enzyme. 
A) proper arrangement of the enzyme in a metabolic pathway. 
B) improper arrangement of the enzyme in a metabolic pathway. 
C) loss of the enzyme's proper shape. 
D) formation of the enzyme's proper shape. 
E) formation of a new isozyme for that enzyme.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of an ATP molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) adenine 
B) a pyrophosphate bridge 
C) phosphate groups 
D) a phosphoanhydride bond 
E) ribose 
A) adenine 
B) a pyrophosphate bridge 
C) phosphate groups 
D) a phosphoanhydride bond 
E) ribose

Question 13

The relationship between changes in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy that occur during a reaction can be expressed by the equation: ΔG = ΔH + T ΔS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Most enzymes are:

Accepted Answer

A) RNA molecules. 
B) proteins. 
C) carbohydrates. 
D) lipids. 
E) DNA molecules. 
A) RNA molecules. 
B) proteins. 
C) carbohydrates. 
D) lipids. 
E) DNA molecules.

Question 15

ΔG refers to the change in ______ of the system.

Accepted Answer

A) the total heat content 
B) free energy 
C) entropy 
D) enthalpy 
E) the randomness 
A) the total heat content 
B) free energy 
C) entropy 
D) enthalpy 
E) the randomness

Question 16

When an atom is reduced, it loses electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The heat released in the exhaust of an engine can produce work.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Isozymes are:

Accepted Answer

A) RNA molecules that catalyze metabolic reactions. 
B) identical coenzymes that require different metal ions. 
C) identical coenzymes located in different parts of the cell. 
D) different enzymes that catalyze identical reactions. 
E) identical enzymes that catalyze different reactions. 
A) RNA molecules that catalyze metabolic reactions. 
B) identical coenzymes that require different metal ions. 
C) identical coenzymes located in different parts of the cell. 
D) different enzymes that catalyze identical reactions. 
E) identical enzymes that catalyze different reactions.

Question 19

In a NAD+ molecule, a pyrophosphate bridge joins:

Accepted Answer

A) two nicotinamide molecules. 
B) two adenine molecules. 
C) one ribose molecule with one nicotinamide molecule. 
D) two ribose molecules. 
E) one ribose molecule with one adenine molecule. 
A) two nicotinamide molecules. 
B) two adenine molecules. 
C) one ribose molecule with one nicotinamide molecule. 
D) two ribose molecules. 
E) one ribose molecule with one adenine molecule.

Question 20

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system and its surroundings after an energy conversion is ______ the total energy before the conversion.

Accepted Answer

A) equal to 
B) greater than or equal to 
C) greater than 
D) less than 
E) less than or equal to 
A) equal to 
B) greater than or equal to 
C) greater than 
D) less than 
E) less than or equal to

Exam 5: The Flow of Energy

During the oxidation of glucose in the cell, most of the energy is released:

Oxidation is defined as the:

In all naturally occurring processes:

Entropy refers to the ______ of a system.

Which of the following statements about sucrose synthesis is FALSE?

A principal factor regulating enzyme activity in cells is the amount of substrate available.

In an allosteric enzyme, the substrate binds at the ______ site and the regulatory substance binds at the ______ site.

When an enzyme is denatured it loses its shape.

One way of stating the second law of thermodynamics is:

Which of the following statements about living cells is FALSE?

Denaturation of an enzyme refers to the:

Which of the following is NOT a component of an ATP molecule?

The relationship between changes in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy that occur during a reaction can be expressed by the equation: ΔG = ΔH + T ΔS.

Most enzymes are:

ΔG refers to the change in ______ of the system.

When an atom is reduced, it loses electrons.

The heat released in the exhaust of an engine can produce work.

Isozymes are:

In a NAD+ molecule, a pyrophosphate bridge joins:

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system and its surroundings after an energy conversion is ______ the total energy before the conversion.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In an allosteric enzyme, the substrate binds at the site and the regulatory substance binds at the site.