Question 1

An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the:

Accepted Answer

A) attachment of a particular tRNA to mRNA. 
B) binding of RNA polymerase to the terminator. 
C) binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. 
D) attachment of a particular amino acid to a particular tRNA. 
E) attachment of a particular tRNA to the ribosome. 
A) attachment of a particular tRNA to mRNA. 
B) binding of RNA polymerase to the terminator. 
C) binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. 
D) attachment of a particular amino acid to a particular tRNA. 
E) attachment of a particular tRNA to the ribosome.

Question 2

The genetic code in prokaryotes is different from that in eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Euchromatin differs from heterochromatin in that euchromatin:

Accepted Answer

A) stains more strongly. 
B) is more tightly condensed. 
C) predominates in centromeres. 
D) predominates in telomeres. 
E) is more readily transcribed during interphase. 
A) stains more strongly. 
B) is more tightly condensed. 
C) predominates in centromeres. 
D) predominates in telomeres. 
E) is more readily transcribed during interphase.

Question 4

The process of translation results in the synthesis of:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA. 
B) mRNA. 
C) tRNA. 
D) rRNA. 
E) protein. 
A) DNA. 
B) mRNA. 
C) tRNA. 
D) rRNA. 
E) protein.

Question 5

In a DNA molecule, the hydrogen bonds join:

Accepted Answer

A) the paired nitrogenous bases. 
B) sugars and phosphates. 
C) sugars and nitrogenous bases. 
D) phosphates and nitrogenous bases. 
E) pairs of sugars. 
A) the paired nitrogenous bases. 
B) sugars and phosphates. 
C) sugars and nitrogenous bases. 
D) phosphates and nitrogenous bases. 
E) pairs of sugars.

Question 6

When scientists describe the genetic code as redundant, they mean that:

Accepted Answer

A) it becomes disorganized over time. 
B) many amino acids have more than one codon. 
C) some codons specify stop signals. 
D) it varies with cell type. 
E) it varies among species. 
A) it becomes disorganized over time. 
B) many amino acids have more than one codon. 
C) some codons specify stop signals. 
D) it varies with cell type. 
E) it varies among species.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about promoters is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They are specific nucleotide sequences of DNA. 
B) They consist of three nucleotides that bind to a codon. 
C) They determine the position where RNA synthesis begins. 
D) They determine which DNA strand is used as a template. 
E) They are binding sites for RNA polymerase. 
A) They are specific nucleotide sequences of DNA. 
B) They consist of three nucleotides that bind to a codon. 
C) They determine the position where RNA synthesis begins. 
D) They determine which DNA strand is used as a template. 
E) They are binding sites for RNA polymerase.

Question 8

The "primer" that initiates DNA replication is composed of RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following events is NOT part of the termination stage of translation?

Accepted Answer

A) The ribosome encounters a stop codon. 
B) Release factors bind at the A site. 
C) The ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon. 
D) The ribosomal subunits separate. 
E) The polypeptide chain is released. 
A) The ribosome encounters a stop codon. 
B) Release factors bind at the A site. 
C) The ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon. 
D) The ribosomal subunits separate. 
E) The polypeptide chain is released.

Question 10

In a plant, root cells have the same genetic composition as leaf cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The two strands of a DNA molecule are said to be antiparallel, each strand having its 5′ end at the same end of the molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning telomeres is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They consist of simple-sequence repeated DNA. 
B) They are located at the ends of the chromosomes. 
C) They serve as caps. 
D) They are regions of active transcription. 
E) They protect the chromosome from degradation. 
A) They consist of simple-sequence repeated DNA. 
B) They are located at the ends of the chromosomes. 
C) They serve as caps. 
D) They are regions of active transcription. 
E) They protect the chromosome from degradation.

Question 13

In DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized in fragments, called Okazaki fragments, while the lagging strand is synthesized continuously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

DNA replication requires a short strand of _____ as a primer to initiate synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates 
B) amino acids 
C) phospholipids 
D) RNA 
E) magnesium ions 
A) carbohydrates 
B) amino acids 
C) phospholipids 
D) RNA 
E) magnesium ions

Question 15

Polypeptides destined for membranes of the Golgi complex are synthesized on ribosomes:

Accepted Answer

A) that are free in the cytosol. 
B) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
C) in the nucleus. 
D) in mitochondria. 
E) in plastids. 
A) that are free in the cytosol. 
B) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
C) in the nucleus. 
D) in mitochondria. 
E) in plastids.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about simple-sequence repeated DNA segments is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They are tandemly repeated. 
B) They occur in telomeres. 
C) They are dispersed throughout the DNA. 
D) They occur in centromeres. 
E) They have fewer than 10 base pairs. 
A) They are tandemly repeated. 
B) They occur in telomeres. 
C) They are dispersed throughout the DNA. 
D) They occur in centromeres. 
E) They have fewer than 10 base pairs.

Question 17

In a cell of a multicellular organism:

Accepted Answer

A) all enzymes are expressed continuously. 
B) some genes are expressed continuously. 
C) some genes are not expressed. 
D) some genes are switched "on" at certain times. 
E) some genes are switched "off" at certain times. 
A) all enzymes are expressed continuously. 
B) some genes are expressed continuously. 
C) some genes are not expressed. 
D) some genes are switched "on" at certain times. 
E) some genes are switched "off" at certain times.

Question 18

When DNA is methylated, transcription is stimulated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

RNA contains ______ instead of the ______ found in DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) adenine; thymine 
B) uracil; thymine 
C) adenine; uracil 
D) guanine; cytosine 
E) uracil; guanine 
A) adenine; thymine 
B) uracil; thymine 
C) adenine; uracil 
D) guanine; cytosine 
E) uracil; guanine

Question 20

Data obtained by Erwin Chargaff indicated that in DNA the ratio of nucleotides containing _________ to those containing _______ is approximately 1:1.

Accepted Answer

A) adenine; cytosine 
B) adenine; thymine 
C) guanine; thymine 
D) thymine; cytosine 
E) guanine; adenine 
A) adenine; cytosine 
B) adenine; thymine 
C) guanine; thymine 
D) thymine; cytosine 
E) guanine; adenine

Exam 9: The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the:

The genetic code in prokaryotes is different from that in eukaryotic cells.

Euchromatin differs from heterochromatin in that euchromatin:

The process of translation results in the synthesis of:

In a DNA molecule, the hydrogen bonds join:

When scientists describe the genetic code as redundant, they mean that:

Which of the following statements about promoters is FALSE?

The "primer" that initiates DNA replication is composed of RNA.

Which of the following events is NOT part of the termination stage of translation?

In a plant, root cells have the same genetic composition as leaf cells.

The two strands of a DNA molecule are said to be antiparallel, each strand having its 5′ end at the same end of the molecule.

Which of the following statements concerning telomeres is FALSE?

In DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized in fragments, called Okazaki fragments, while the lagging strand is synthesized continuously.

DNA replication requires a short strand of _____ as a primer to initiate synthesis.

Polypeptides destined for membranes of the Golgi complex are synthesized on ribosomes:

Which of the following statements about simple-sequence repeated DNA segments is FALSE?

In a cell of a multicellular organism:

When DNA is methylated, transcription is stimulated.

RNA contains ______ instead of the ______ found in DNA.

Data obtained by Erwin Chargaff indicated that in DNA the ratio of nucleotides containing _________ to those containing _______ is approximately 1:1.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

RNA contains instead of the found in DNA.

Data obtained by Erwin Chargaff indicated that in DNA the ratio of nucleotides containing ___ to those containing _ is approximately 1:1.