Question 1

Which of the following statements about the leaf epidermis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is covered with a cuticle. 
B) Its cells are loosely arranged. 
C) Stomata may be sunken in depressions 
D) Stomata may occur on one or both leaf surfaces. 
E) Epidermal hairs may occur on one or both leaf surfaces. 
A) It is covered with a cuticle. 
B) Its cells are loosely arranged. 
C) Stomata may be sunken in depressions 
D) Stomata may occur on one or both leaf surfaces. 
E) Epidermal hairs may occur on one or both leaf surfaces.

Question 2

Bulliform cells are epidermal cells that occur in longitudinal rows.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

______ has a stem with scattered vascular bundles.

Accepted Answer

A) Ranunculus 
B) Sambucus 
C) Zea 
D) Medicago 
E) Tilia 
A) Ranunculus 
B) Sambucus 
C) Zea 
D) Medicago 
E) Tilia

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the Ranunculus stem is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Its vascular bundles resemble those of monocots. 
B) The procambium is lost at maturity. 
C) Its vascular bundles are completely surrounded by sclerenchyma cells. 
D) It has a vascular cambium. 
E) It has closed vascular bundles. 
A) Its vascular bundles resemble those of monocots. 
B) The procambium is lost at maturity. 
C) Its vascular bundles are completely surrounded by sclerenchyma cells. 
D) It has a vascular cambium. 
E) It has closed vascular bundles.

Question 5

The auxin-based model of phyllotaxy states that young leaf promordia stimulate the production of auxin in neighboring cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In the Sambucus stem, phloem differentiates toward the ______ and xylem differentiates toward the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) center; outside 
B) outside; outside 
C) outside; center 
D) center; center and outside 
E) center and outside; center 
A) center; outside 
B) outside; outside 
C) outside; center 
D) center; center and outside 
E) center and outside; center

Question 7

Compared with sun leaves, shade leaves:

Accepted Answer

A) have thicker-walled epidermal cells. 
B) have a lower ratio of mesophyll surface area to leaf blade surface area. 
C) have more extensive vascular systems. 
D) are thicker. 
E) are smaller. 
A) have thicker-walled epidermal cells. 
B) have a lower ratio of mesophyll surface area to leaf blade surface area. 
C) have more extensive vascular systems. 
D) are thicker. 
E) are smaller.

Question 8

Unlike the midrib, the leaf blade develops from:

Accepted Answer

A) procambium. 
B) the central region of the primordium. 
C) founder cells. 
D) marginal meristems.. 
E) the L1 layer of the tunica-corpus. 
A) procambium. 
B) the central region of the primordium. 
C) founder cells. 
D) marginal meristems.. 
E) the L1 layer of the tunica-corpus.

Question 9

A succulent leaf is one that is specialized for:

Accepted Answer

A) growth in aqueous habitats. 
B) chemical defense. 
C) protection against predators. 
D) water storage. 
E) food storage. 
A) growth in aqueous habitats. 
B) chemical defense. 
C) protection against predators. 
D) water storage. 
E) food storage.

Question 10

A bud is found in the axil of a leaf, not a leaflet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Leaves that lack a petiole are said to be sessile.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which layer(s) of the peripheral zone of the shoot apical meristem are the founder cells?

Accepted Answer

A) L1 only 
B) L2 only 
C) L3 only 
D) L1 and L2 only 
E) L1, L2, and L3 
A) L1 only 
B) L2 only 
C) L3 only 
D) L1 and L2 only 
E) L1, L2, and L3

Question 13

A plant with decussate phyllotaxy has:

Accepted Answer

A) two leaves per node in the same rank. 
B) two leaves per node in two opposite ranks. 
C) one leaf per node, arranged in two opposite ranks. 
D) one leaf per node, arranged spirally. 
E) three or more leaves per node. 
A) two leaves per node in the same rank. 
B) two leaves per node in two opposite ranks. 
C) one leaf per node, arranged in two opposite ranks. 
D) one leaf per node, arranged spirally. 
E) three or more leaves per node.

Question 14

Studies of Arabidopsis mutants have identified classes of ______ that affect the identity of floral organs.

Accepted Answer

A) meristematic activities 
B) homeotic genes 
C) hormones 
D) tunica-corpus organizations 
E) environmental factors 
A) meristematic activities 
B) homeotic genes 
C) hormones 
D) tunica-corpus organizations 
E) environmental factors

Question 15

Which of the following statements about cells of the tunica is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Most divide anticlinally. 
B) Some divide periclinally. 
C) They form four layers in most angiosperms. 
D) Daughter cells from one layer may be displaced into another layer. 
E) They constitute the outermost cells of the shoot apex. 
A) Most divide anticlinally. 
B) Some divide periclinally. 
C) They form four layers in most angiosperms. 
D) Daughter cells from one layer may be displaced into another layer. 
E) They constitute the outermost cells of the shoot apex.

Question 16

Stems with closed vascular bundles are capable of secondary growth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Most eudicot leaves have netted venation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the transition region and its formation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The transition region occurs between the root and the shoot. 
B) The transition region is the region in which the vascular system changes locations. 
C) Vascular transition is completed with the differentiation of the procambium in the seedling. 
D) Vascular transition is initiated soon after seed germination. 
E) The structure of the transition region is often very complex. 
A) The transition region occurs between the root and the shoot. 
B) The transition region is the region in which the vascular system changes locations. 
C) Vascular transition is completed with the differentiation of the procambium in the seedling. 
D) Vascular transition is initiated soon after seed germination. 
E) The structure of the transition region is often very complex.

Question 19

A thorn is a modified branch.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A plant with decussate phyllotaxy has opposite leaves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Which of the following statements about the leaf epidermis is FALSE?

Bulliform cells are epidermal cells that occur in longitudinal rows.

______ has a stem with scattered vascular bundles.

Which of the following statements about the Ranunculus stem is FALSE?

The auxin-based model of phyllotaxy states that young leaf promordia stimulate the production of auxin in neighboring cells.

In the Sambucus stem, phloem differentiates toward the ______ and xylem differentiates toward the ______.

Compared with sun leaves, shade leaves:

Unlike the midrib, the leaf blade develops from:

A succulent leaf is one that is specialized for:

A bud is found in the axil of a leaf, not a leaflet.

Leaves that lack a petiole are said to be sessile.

Which layer(s) of the peripheral zone of the shoot apical meristem are the founder cells?

A plant with decussate phyllotaxy has:

Studies of Arabidopsis mutants have identified classes of ______ that affect the identity of floral organs.

Which of the following statements about cells of the tunica is FALSE?

Stems with closed vascular bundles are capable of secondary growth.

Most eudicot leaves have netted venation.

Which of the following statements about the transition region and its formation is FALSE?

A thorn is a modified branch.

A plant with decussate phyllotaxy has opposite leaves.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In the Sambucus stem, phloem differentiates toward the and xylem differentiates toward the .