Question 1

Early wood is more dense than late wood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Conifer wood typically contains more parenchyma than angiosperm wood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Reactivation of the vascular cambium in the spring is triggered by the expansion of the buds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following statements about woody perennials is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Some form dormant rhizomes or bulbs during unfavorable seasons. 
B) They include trees and shrubs. 
C) Some flower before they become adult plants. 
D) Some are deciduous. 
E) Some live for many years. 
A) Some form dormant rhizomes or bulbs during unfavorable seasons. 
B) They include trees and shrubs. 
C) Some flower before they become adult plants. 
D) Some are deciduous. 
E) Some live for many years.

Question 5

"Softwood" is the name given to wood:

Accepted Answer

A) found in conifers. 
B) found in eudicots. 
C) composed of functional phloem. 
D) composed of primary xylem. 
E) having no commercial value. 
A) found in conifers. 
B) found in eudicots. 
C) composed of functional phloem. 
D) composed of primary xylem. 
E) having no commercial value.

Question 6

The meristematic cells of the vascular cambium are the fusiform initials and the interfascicular initials.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In the southern hemisphere, biennials:

Accepted Answer

A) are represented by weeds. 
B) are annuals. 
C) form seeds and flowers in the same growing season. 
D) usually become woody. 
E) complete their life cycle in two calendar years. 
A) are represented by weeds. 
B) are annuals. 
C) form seeds and flowers in the same growing season. 
D) usually become woody. 
E) complete their life cycle in two calendar years.

Question 8

The genes that regulate secondary growth are entirely different from those that regulate primary growth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

How many rings of vascular cambium would be found in a tree that is 6 years old?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 6 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 6

Question 10

Primary phloem would not normally be part of the bark.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Compression wood:

Accepted Answer

A) develops on the upper side of a leaning stem. 
B) is produced by increased cambial activity on the lower side of a leaning stem. 
C) is the reaction wood found in angiosperms. 
D) is characterized by wider portions of growth rings on the upper side of the stem. 
E) has less lignin and more cellulose than normal wood. 
A) develops on the upper side of a leaning stem. 
B) is produced by increased cambial activity on the lower side of a leaning stem. 
C) is the reaction wood found in angiosperms. 
D) is characterized by wider portions of growth rings on the upper side of the stem. 
E) has less lignin and more cellulose than normal wood.

Question 12

Which of the following could never be part of the bark?

Accepted Answer

A) cortex 
B) secondary xylem 
C) primary phloem 
D) secondary phloem 
E) phelloderm 
A) cortex 
B) secondary xylem 
C) primary phloem 
D) secondary phloem 
E) phelloderm

Question 13

As the vascular cambium continues to divide, the cambial cells:

Accepted Answer

A) are displaced inward. 
B) are displaced outward. 
C) remain in their original location. 
D) cease to divide periclinally. 
E) cease to divide anticlinally. 
A) are displaced inward. 
B) are displaced outward. 
C) remain in their original location. 
D) cease to divide periclinally. 
E) cease to divide anticlinally.

Question 14

In wood having a high specific gravity, the fibers have ______ walls and ______ lumens.

Accepted Answer

A) thin; variable 
B) thin; narrow 
C) thin; wide 
D) thick; narrow 
E) thick; wide 
A) thin; variable 
B) thin; narrow 
C) thin; wide 
D) thick; narrow 
E) thick; wide

Question 15

Which of the following statements about vascular rays is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They are composed largely of parenchyma cells. 
B) They serve as barriers to the movement of food substances and water. 
C) They store starch, proteins, and lipids. 
D) They synthesize secondary products. 
E) They are variable in length. 
A) They are composed largely of parenchyma cells. 
B) They serve as barriers to the movement of food substances and water. 
C) They store starch, proteins, and lipids. 
D) They synthesize secondary products. 
E) They are variable in length.

Question 16

Biennials form roots, stems, leaves and flowers in the first growing season and seeds in the second season.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements about secondary growth is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It results from the activity of the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. 
B) It is responsible for the increase in girth of a plant. 
C) It can occur simultaneously with primary growth. 
D) Most monocots exhibit considerable secondary growth. 
E) Herbaceous plants undergo little or no secondary growth. 
A) It results from the activity of the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. 
B) It is responsible for the increase in girth of a plant. 
C) It can occur simultaneously with primary growth. 
D) Most monocots exhibit considerable secondary growth. 
E) Herbaceous plants undergo little or no secondary growth.

Question 18

At the end of the first year's growth, bark is composed of:

Accepted Answer

A) periderm. 
B) cork. 
C) all tissues outside the vascular cambium. 
D) only secondary tissues. 
E) only primary tissues. 
A) periderm. 
B) cork. 
C) all tissues outside the vascular cambium. 
D) only secondary tissues. 
E) only primary tissues.

Question 19

Conducting phloem:

Accepted Answer

A) is composed of primary tissue. 
B) is part of the inner bark. 
C) functions primarily to store foods. 
D) consists of living or dead sieve elements. 
E) makes up the majority of secondary phloem in older plants. 
A) is composed of primary tissue. 
B) is part of the inner bark. 
C) functions primarily to store foods. 
D) consists of living or dead sieve elements. 
E) makes up the majority of secondary phloem in older plants.

Question 20

After the first periderm is formed, additional periderms originate from ______ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) epidermal 
B) pith 
C) cortical 
D) phloem parenchyma 
E) xylem parenchyma 
A) epidermal 
B) pith 
C) cortical 
D) phloem parenchyma 
E) xylem parenchyma

Exam 26: Secondary Growth in Stems

Early wood is more dense than late wood.

Conifer wood typically contains more parenchyma than angiosperm wood.

Reactivation of the vascular cambium in the spring is triggered by the expansion of the buds.

Which of the following statements about woody perennials is FALSE?

"Softwood" is the name given to wood:

The meristematic cells of the vascular cambium are the fusiform initials and the interfascicular initials.

In the southern hemisphere, biennials:

The genes that regulate secondary growth are entirely different from those that regulate primary growth.

How many rings of vascular cambium would be found in a tree that is 6 years old?

Primary phloem would not normally be part of the bark.

Compression wood:

Which of the following could never be part of the bark?

As the vascular cambium continues to divide, the cambial cells:

In wood having a high specific gravity, the fibers have ______ walls and ______ lumens.

Which of the following statements about vascular rays is FALSE?

Biennials form roots, stems, leaves and flowers in the first growing season and seeds in the second season.

Which of the following statements about secondary growth is FALSE?

At the end of the first year's growth, bark is composed of:

Conducting phloem:

After the first periderm is formed, additional periderms originate from ______ cells.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In wood having a high specific gravity, the fibers have walls and lumens.