Question 1

In the process of hydraulic redistribution, leaves move water from air spaces into mesophyll cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT provide evidence supporting the cohesion-tension theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Water has sufficient tensile strength. 
B) The water potential in a stem is sufficient. 
C) In the morning, heated water begins to flow close to the leaves. 
D) In the morning, the diameter of a tree decreases first in the upper trunk. 
E) In the evening, the diameter of a tree increases first in the lower trunk. 
A) Water has sufficient tensile strength. 
B) The water potential in a stem is sufficient. 
C) In the morning, heated water begins to flow close to the leaves. 
D) In the morning, the diameter of a tree decreases first in the upper trunk. 
E) In the evening, the diameter of a tree increases first in the lower trunk.

Question 3

Transport of inorganic ions within the leaf occurs via the:

Accepted Answer

A) apoplastic pathway only. 
B) symplastic pathway only. 
C) transpiration stream only. 
D) apoplastic and symplastic pathways only. 
E) transpiration stream and the apoplastic and symplastic pathways. 
A) apoplastic pathway only. 
B) symplastic pathway only. 
C) transpiration stream only. 
D) apoplastic and symplastic pathways only. 
E) transpiration stream and the apoplastic and symplastic pathways.

Question 4

According to the pressure-flow mechanism, sugars are transported in the phloem by flowing down a gradient of turgor pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Stomata open when the turgor pressure of the guard cells decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A pressure chamber can be used to test the cohesion-tension theory by:

Accepted Answer

A) measuring the tensile strength of water. 
B) following the movement of colored water in the xylem. 
C) measuring the shrinkage of a trunk caused by negative xylem pressure. 
D) detecting the rate at which heated water moves through a plant. 
E) determining the magnitude of the tension in a twig. 
A) measuring the tensile strength of water. 
B) following the movement of colored water in the xylem. 
C) measuring the shrinkage of a trunk caused by negative xylem pressure. 
D) detecting the rate at which heated water moves through a plant. 
E) determining the magnitude of the tension in a twig.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the cohesion-tension theory?

Accepted Answer

A) A gradient of water potential exists between the stem and the root. 
B) Transpiration brings about a lowered water potential in the leaves. 
C) Water in the xylem is under tension. 
D) A gradient of water potential provides the driving force for the movement of water from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere. 
E) Root pressure is essential to the movement of water from roots to leaves. 
A) A gradient of water potential exists between the stem and the root. 
B) Transpiration brings about a lowered water potential in the leaves. 
C) Water in the xylem is under tension. 
D) A gradient of water potential provides the driving force for the movement of water from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere. 
E) Root pressure is essential to the movement of water from roots to leaves.

Question 8

Water moving from the cytosol of a cortical cell directly into the cytosol of an adjacent cortical cell via plasmodesmata follows the:

Accepted Answer

A) symplastic pathway only. 
B) apoplastic pathway only. 
C) transcellular pathway only. 
D) symplastic and apoplastic pathways. 
E) apoplastic and transcellular pathways. 
A) symplastic pathway only. 
B) apoplastic pathway only. 
C) transcellular pathway only. 
D) symplastic and apoplastic pathways. 
E) apoplastic and transcellular pathways.

Question 9

In vascular plants, cavitation is the:

Accepted Answer

A) rupture of water columns. 
B) expulsion of air from water columns. 
C) formation of air bubbles due to particulate matter. 
D) reduction of surface tension at the meniscus spanning pores in the pit membrane. 
E) filling of vessels with water vapor. 
A) rupture of water columns. 
B) expulsion of air from water columns. 
C) formation of air bubbles due to particulate matter. 
D) reduction of surface tension at the meniscus spanning pores in the pit membrane. 
E) filling of vessels with water vapor.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about stomatal movements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in CO2 levels usually causes stomata to close. 
B) Sensors for carbon dioxide are located in guard cells. 
C) Stomatal opening and closing exhibit circadian rhythms. 
D) Cacti and pineapple open their stomata at night. 
E) Temperatures above 30°-35°F usually stimulate stomatal opening.[OK to add F?] 
A) An increase in CO2 levels usually causes stomata to close. 
B) Sensors for carbon dioxide are located in guard cells. 
C) Stomatal opening and closing exhibit circadian rhythms. 
D) Cacti and pineapple open their stomata at night. 
E) Temperatures above 30°-35°F usually stimulate stomatal opening.[OK to add F?]

Question 11

The rate of water evaporation doubles for every _____ degree C rise in temperature.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 5 
C) 10 
D) 15 
E) 20 
A) 2 
B) 5 
C) 10 
D) 15 
E) 20

Question 12

Which of the following statements about apoplastic phloem loading is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is driven by a proton gradient. 
B) It occurs via sucrose-proton symport. 
C) Apoplastic loaders have numerous plasmodesmatal connections. 
D) In some cases, active transport occurs across the plasma membrane of the sieve tube. 
E) In some cases, active transport occurs across the plasma membrane of the companion cell. 
A) It is driven by a proton gradient. 
B) It occurs via sucrose-proton symport. 
C) Apoplastic loaders have numerous plasmodesmatal connections. 
D) In some cases, active transport occurs across the plasma membrane of the sieve tube. 
E) In some cases, active transport occurs across the plasma membrane of the companion cell.

Question 13

It is the smallest pores in the walls or pit membranes of vessels or tracheids that are the most susceptible to air seeding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In vascular plants, hydraulic redistribution is the:

Accepted Answer

A) movement of water from roots to leaves. 
B) flow of water against a water potential gradient. 
C) movement of water across the endodermis. 
D) transfer of water across Casparian strips. 
E) transfer of water by roots from moist to dry regions of the soil. 
A) movement of water from roots to leaves. 
B) flow of water against a water potential gradient. 
C) movement of water across the endodermis. 
D) transfer of water across Casparian strips. 
E) transfer of water by roots from moist to dry regions of the soil.

Question 15

In roots, active transport of minerals is required for:

Accepted Answer

A) uptake by epidermal cells only. 
B) secretion into the vessels only. 
C) transport through the apoplast and the symplast only. 
D) uptake by epidermal cells and secretion into the vessels only. 
E) uptake by epidermal cells, transport through the symplast, and secretion into the vessels. 
A) uptake by epidermal cells only. 
B) secretion into the vessels only. 
C) transport through the apoplast and the symplast only. 
D) uptake by epidermal cells and secretion into the vessels only. 
E) uptake by epidermal cells, transport through the symplast, and secretion into the vessels.

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning the uptake of K+ by guard cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Uptake of K+ is driven by a proton gradient. 
B) Uptake of K+ is mediated by a red-light activated ATPase. 
C) Uptake of K+ is accompanied by the uptake of Cl-. 
D) Uptake of K+ is accompanied by the accumulation of malate. 
E) Uptake of K+ creates the necessary water potential gradient. 
A) Uptake of K+ is driven by a proton gradient. 
B) Uptake of K+ is mediated by a red-light activated ATPase. 
C) Uptake of K+ is accompanied by the uptake of Cl-. 
D) Uptake of K+ is accompanied by the accumulation of malate. 
E) Uptake of K+ creates the necessary water potential gradient.

Question 17

The driving force for assimilate transport is:

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion. 
B) active transport. 
C) transpiration. 
D) osmosis. 
E) pressure-flow. 
A) diffusion. 
B) active transport. 
C) transpiration. 
D) osmosis. 
E) pressure-flow.

Question 18

The principle solute involved in creating a water potential gradient in guard cells is:

Accepted Answer

A) H+. 
B) K+. 
C) glucose. 
D) malate. 
E) Cl-. 
A) H+. 
B) K+. 
C) glucose. 
D) malate. 
E) Cl-.

Question 19

Plants in hot climates regularly close their stomata at midday because ______ accumulates in the leaf, and the leaves become _______.

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide; dehydrated 
B) carbon dioxide; turgid 
C) oxygen; dehydrated 
D) oxygen; turgid 
E) oxygen; depleted of carbon dioxide 
A) carbon dioxide; dehydrated 
B) carbon dioxide; turgid 
C) oxygen; dehydrated 
D) oxygen; turgid 
E) oxygen; depleted of carbon dioxide

Question 20

Once it has crossed the exodermis, water can pass into the root's vascular cylinder by the apoplastic pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 30: The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

In the process of hydraulic redistribution, leaves move water from air spaces into mesophyll cells.

Which of the following does NOT provide evidence supporting the cohesion-tension theory?

Transport of inorganic ions within the leaf occurs via the:

According to the pressure-flow mechanism, sugars are transported in the phloem by flowing down a gradient of turgor pressure.

Stomata open when the turgor pressure of the guard cells decreases.

A pressure chamber can be used to test the cohesion-tension theory by:

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the cohesion-tension theory?

Water moving from the cytosol of a cortical cell directly into the cytosol of an adjacent cortical cell via plasmodesmata follows the:

In vascular plants, cavitation is the:

Which of the following statements about stomatal movements is FALSE?

The rate of water evaporation doubles for every _____ degree C rise in temperature.

Which of the following statements about apoplastic phloem loading is FALSE?

It is the smallest pores in the walls or pit membranes of vessels or tracheids that are the most susceptible to air seeding.

In vascular plants, hydraulic redistribution is the:

In roots, active transport of minerals is required for:

Which of the following statements concerning the uptake of K+ by guard cells is FALSE?

The driving force for assimilate transport is:

The principle solute involved in creating a water potential gradient in guard cells is:

Plants in hot climates regularly close their stomata at midday because ______ accumulates in the leaf, and the leaves become _______.

Once it has crossed the exodermis, water can pass into the root's vascular cylinder by the apoplastic pathway.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

Which of the following statements concerning the uptake of K⁺ by guard cells is FALSE?

Plants in hot climates regularly close their stomata at midday because accumulates in the leaf, and the leaves become _.