Exam 12: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Suppose a researcher is interested in examining the effects of sex of participant, sex of confederate, and self-esteem of participant (high, low) on the participants' reactions to negative feedback. This research represents a _______ design.

The formula for the F ratio for the interaction in a factorial ANOVA is

In a 3 x 4 design, the "4" refers to the number of

The simplest possible factorial design has _____ IVs and ____ total treatment groups.

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of sex of participant.

In the boxes below, write in a pattern of means that would reveal an interaction between type of therapy and self-esteem. Humarnistic Cogritive-Behavioral Control Group High Self-Esteem =10 = = Low Self-Esteem =20 =10 =

The first question a researcher faces when deciding on a type of experimental design is:

In the following study, male and female participants were instructed to press a button on a computer keyboard as soon as they detected a tone through their headphones. Participants were randomly assigned to hear either a loud tone or a soft tone. The researchers measured the amount of time it took participants to press the computer button (in milliseconds). Smaller numbers indicate better performance on the task. TAELE OF MEANS: TONE INTENSITY LOUD SOFT ROW M Participant Female 516.70 834.50 675.60 Sex Male 528.80 763.80 646.30 COLUMN M 522.75 799.15 $\text { Pop. } M = 660.95$ SOURCE TAELE -What is one independent variable?

In the following study, participants were instructed to press a button on a computer keyboard as soon as they detected a tone through their headphones. Half of the time, the computer screen flashed a light at the exact moment the tone was presented and the other half of the time there was no flash of light. In addition, half of the time a sensor on the participant's arm pulsed (causing a slight tickle) at the exact moment of the tone, and half of the time the sensor did not pulse. The researchers were interested in determining the extent to which these distractions would cause participants to have delayed reaction times to the tone. The researchers measured the amount of time it took participants to press the computer button (in milliseconds). Smaller numbers indicate better performance on the task. Table 12-2 TAELE OF MEANS: ARM TICKLE TICKLE NO TICKLE ROW M Flash of Flash 784.60 627.60 706.10 Light No Flash 547.30 395.50 471.40 COLUMN M 665.95 511.55 $\text { Pop. } M = 588.75$ SOURCE TAELE SOURCE SS df MS F p Flash of Light Arm Tickle 550840.90 1 550840.90 223.79 .000 Light x Tickle 238393.60 1 238393.60 327.72 .000 Residual 67.60 1 67.60 0.02 .884 -Is this independent variable manipulated or measured?

In the following study, participants were instructed to press a button on a computer keyboard as soon as they detected a tone through their headphones. Half of the time, the computer screen flashed a light at the exact moment the tone was presented and the other half of the time there was no flash of light. In addition, half of the time a sensor on the participant's arm pulsed (causing a slight tickle) at the exact moment of the tone, and half of the time the sensor did not pulse. The researchers were interested in determining the extent to which these distractions would cause participants to have delayed reaction times to the tone. The researchers measured the amount of time it took participants to press the computer button (in milliseconds). Smaller numbers indicate better performance on the task. Table 12-2 TAELE OF MEANS: ARM TICKLE TICKLE NO TICKLE ROW M Flash of Flash 784.60 627.60 706.10 Light No Flash 547.30 395.50 471.40 COLUMN M 665.95 511.55 $\text { Pop. } M = 588.75$ SOURCE TAELE SOURCE SS df MS F p Flash of Light Arm Tickle 550840.90 1 550840.90 223.79 .000 Light x Tickle 238393.60 1 238393.60 327.72 .000 Residual 67.60 1 67.60 0.02 .884 -What is the scale of measurement for the dependent variable?

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Marning Testing Afternoon Testing Older Adults =19 =12 Yourger Adults =19 =12 -Does there appear to be an interaction between age and time of day? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Suppose a researcher finds a significant interaction between sex of participant and room temperature on levels of aggression. To explain this interaction, you need to discuss

A factorial design in which both IVs involve repeated measures is referred to as a(n) _________ design.

Draw a block diagram of this experiment and label it completely.

A two-way ANOVA for correlated samples is composed of

According to your book, three considerations are important when you choose a factorial design: experimental questions, control issues, and practical considerations. Briefly describe each of these issues.

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =18 Extroverts =12 =18 -Does there appear to be a main effect of room?

What is a synergistic effect? How do synergistic effects relate to interactions in factorial designs?

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of tone intensity.

Zapatel and Garcia-Lopez (2004) conducted a study in which participants rated song lyrics as a function of participant's race and genre of music. In their study, ____________ is a measured IV and _________ is a manipulated IV.