Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: $\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\\ \begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \\ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \\ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \\ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \\ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}$ SOURCE TABLE $\begin{array}{lcccccc} \text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\ \text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \\ \quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \\ & & & & & \\ \text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \\ \text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\\ \\ \text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29 \end{array}$ -Refer to Table 12-3. What is the dependent variable in this study?

A) Ethnicity of face B) Ethnicity of participant C) Facial expression D) Number of faces correctly recalled A) Ethnicity of face B) Ethnicity of participant C) Facial expression D) Number of faces correctly recalled

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: $\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\\ \begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \\ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \\ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \\ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \\ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}$ SOURCE TABLE $\begin{array}{lcccccc} \text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\ \text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \\ \quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \\ & & & & & \\ \text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \\ \text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\\ \\ \text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29 \end{array}$ -Refer to Table 12-4. This example represents a

A) one-way ANOVA for independent samples. B) two-way ANOVA for independent samples. C) two-way ANOVA for correlated samples. D) two-way ANOVA for mixed samples. A) one-way ANOVA for independent samples. B) two-way ANOVA for independent samples. C) two-way ANOVA for correlated samples. D) two-way ANOVA for mixed samples.

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: $\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\\ \begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \\ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \\ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \\ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \\ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}$ SOURCE TABLE $\begin{array}{lcccccc} \text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\ \text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \\ \quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \\ & & & & & \\ \text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \\ \text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\\ \\ \text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29 \end{array}$ -Refer to Table 12-2. This example represents a

A) one-way ANOVA for independent samples. B) two-way ANOVA for independent samples. C) two-way ANOVA for correlated samples. D) two-way ANOVA for mixed samples. A) one-way ANOVA for independent samples. B) two-way ANOVA for independent samples. C) two-way ANOVA for correlated samples. D) two-way ANOVA for mixed samples.

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: $\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\\ \begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \\ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \\ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \\ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \\ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}$ SOURCE TABLE $\begin{array}{lcccccc} \text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\ \text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \\ \quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \\ & & & & & \\ \text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \\ \text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\\ \\ \text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29 \end{array}$ -Refer to Table 12-4. Which of the following is the best description of the results?

A) Participants who interacted with an unpleasant confederate had decreased positive affect from before to after the experiment. Participants who interacted with a pleasant confederate had increased positive affect from before to after the experiment. B) Participants who interacted with an unpleasant confederate did not change in positive affect from before to after the experiment, but participants who interacted with a pleasant confederate increased in positive affect. C) Before the experiment began, participants had low levels of positive affect, but after the experiment participants had greatly increased their levels of positive affect. D) The results of this study were significant. A) Participants who interacted with an unpleasant confederate had decreased positive affect from before to after the experiment. Participants who interacted with a pleasant confederate had increased positive affect from before to after the experiment. B) Participants who interacted with an unpleasant confederate did not change in positive affect from before to after the experiment, but participants who interacted with a pleasant confederate increased in positive affect. C) Before the experiment began, participants had low levels of positive affect, but after the experiment participants had greatly increased their levels of positive affect. D) The results of this study were significant.

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: $\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\\ \begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \\ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \\ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \\ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \\ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}$ SOURCE TABLE $\begin{array}{lcccccc} \text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\ \text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \\ \quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \\ & & & & & \\ \text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \\ \text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\\ \\ \text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29 \end{array}$ -Refer to Table 12-3. The main effect of facial expression ____ significant; therefore, we should conclude that

A) is not; there are no differences in recall for the number of smiles versus frowns. B) is; there are no differences in recall for the number of smiles versus frowns. C) is not; participants had better recall for smiles than frowns.. D) is; participants had better recall for smiles than frowns. A) is not; there are no differences in recall for the number of smiles versus frowns. B) is; there are no differences in recall for the number of smiles versus frowns. C) is not; participants had better recall for smiles than frowns.. D) is; participants had better recall for smiles than frowns.

Exam 12: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

_________ refers to a factorial design in which at least one IV has independent groups and one IV has correlated groups.

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(81)

Question 101

Statistical results with a probability of chance between 5% and 10% are

(Multiple Choice)

4.7/5

(82)

Question 102

Kyle is interested in examining how sex of participant (male, female) and self-esteem (high, low) affect perseverance on a novel task. What type of design is this?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(75)

Question 103

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED BEFORE EXPERIMENT AFTER EXPERIMENT ROW M Confederate Pleasant 11.10 13.30 12.20 Demeanor Unpleasant 10.60 3.50 7.05 COLUMN M 10.85 8.40 Pop. =9.63 SOURCE TABLE SOURCE SS df MS F p Between subjects effects Confederate Demeanor 265.23 1 3705.63 420.43 .000 Error 158.65 18 8.81 Within subjects effects Time 60.03 1 60.03 18.14 .000 Confederate x Time 216.23 1 216.23 65.69 .000 Error 59.25 18 3.29 -Refer to Table 12-3. What is the dependent variable in this study?

(Multiple Choice)

5.0/5

(72)

Question 104

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED BEFORE EXPERIMENT AFTER EXPERIMENT ROW M Confederate Pleasant 11.10 13.30 12.20 Demeanor Unpleasant 10.60 3.50 7.05 COLUMN M 10.85 8.40 Pop. =9.63 SOURCE TABLE SOURCE SS df MS F p Between subjects effects Confederate Demeanor 265.23 1 3705.63 420.43 .000 Error 158.65 18 8.81 Within subjects effects Time 60.03 1 60.03 18.14 .000 Confederate x Time 216.23 1 216.23 65.69 .000 Error 59.25 18 3.29 -Refer to Table 12-4. This example represents a

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(81)

Question 105

Juanita conducted a study to determine the effects of pornography on men. Half of her male participants watched violent pornography for an hour per day over a two-week period, and the other half watched nonviolent pornography for the same amount of time. She measured their attitudes toward rape on three separate occasions: before the study, after one week, and after two weeks. The independent-groups IV is _ and the correlated groups IV is ___.

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(83)

Question 106

What is the shorthand notation for this experiment? (for example, 2 x 2, 2 x 2 x 2, etc.) Explain your answer.

(Essay)

4.9/5

(74)

Question 107

Another word for an independent variable is a

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(86)

Question 108

Suppose you conduct a 2 x 2 ANOVA for independent samples. If your "df total" in the study is 23, how many participants were in the sample?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(83)

Question 109

In the following study, male and female participants were instructed to press a button on a computer keyboard as soon as they detected a tone through their headphones. Participants were randomly assigned to hear either a loud tone or a soft tone. The researchers measured the amount of time it took participants to press the computer button (in milliseconds). Smaller numbers indicate better performance on the task. TAELE OF MEANS: TONE INTENSITY LOUD SOFT ROW M Participant Female 516.70 834.50 675.60 Sex Male 528.80 763.80 646.30 COLUMN M 522.75 799.15 $\text { Pop. } M = 660.95$ SOURCE TAELE -What is the scale of measurement for the dependent variable?

(Short Answer)

4.8/5

(77)

Question 110

Describe in your own words "modern racism" and explain how this perspective relates to the study by Johnson et al. (1995).

(Essay)

4.8/5

(74)

Question 111

Is this a between-groups design, a within-groups design, or a mixed design? How do you know?

(Essay)

4.9/5

(69)

Question 112

Distinguish between an independent-groups factorial design, a correlated-groups factorial design, and a mixed-group factorial design.

(Essay)

4.9/5

(86)

Question 113

What is the other independent variable? How many levels does it have? Is it a between-groups IV or a within-groups IV?

(Essay)

4.7/5

(77)

Question 114

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED BEFORE EXPERIMENT AFTER EXPERIMENT ROW M Confederate Pleasant 11.10 13.30 12.20 Demeanor Unpleasant 10.60 3.50 7.05 COLUMN M 10.85 8.40 Pop. =9.63 SOURCE TABLE SOURCE SS df MS F p Between subjects effects Confederate Demeanor 265.23 1 3705.63 420.43 .000 Error 158.65 18 8.81 Within subjects effects Time 60.03 1 60.03 18.14 .000 Confederate x Time 216.23 1 216.23 65.69 .000 Error 59.25 18 3.29 -Refer to Table 12-2. This example represents a

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(60)

Question 115

If we find a significant interaction in a 2 x 2 design, we should

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(57)

Question 116

Suppose a researcher is interested in examining the effects of sex of participant, sex of confederate, and self-esteem of participant (high, low) on the participants' reactions to negative feedback. How many main effects are there in this study?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(89)

Question 117

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED BEFORE EXPERIMENT AFTER EXPERIMENT ROW M Confederate Pleasant 11.10 13.30 12.20 Demeanor Unpleasant 10.60 3.50 7.05 COLUMN M 10.85 8.40 Pop. =9.63 SOURCE TABLE SOURCE SS df MS F p Between subjects effects Confederate Demeanor 265.23 1 3705.63 420.43 .000 Error 158.65 18 8.81 Within subjects effects Time 60.03 1 60.03 18.14 .000 Confederate x Time 216.23 1 216.23 65.69 .000 Error 59.25 18 3.29 -Refer to Table 12-4. Which of the following is the best description of the results?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(78)

Question 118

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED BEFORE EXPERIMENT AFTER EXPERIMENT ROW M Confederate Pleasant 11.10 13.30 12.20 Demeanor Unpleasant 10.60 3.50 7.05 COLUMN M 10.85 8.40 Pop. =9.63 SOURCE TABLE SOURCE SS df MS F p Between subjects effects Confederate Demeanor 265.23 1 3705.63 420.43 .000 Error 158.65 18 8.81 Within subjects effects Time 60.03 1 60.03 18.14 .000 Confederate x Time 216.23 1 216.23 65.69 .000 Error 59.25 18 3.29 -Refer to Table 12-3. The main effect of facial expression ____ significant; therefore, we should conclude that

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(96)

Question 119

Example #1: A researcher wishes to examine whether time of day (morning versus afternoon) affects the memory of older and younger participants. He obtains a sample of 40 older individuals and 40 younger individuals and gives them a passage to read. They are later given a test over the passage (scores on the test could range from 0 to 30). Half of the individuals are randomly assigned to read the passage and take the test in the morning, and the other half do so in the afternoon. The data are reported in the table below (the numbers represent mean test scores for each group). Marning Testing Afternoon Testirg Older Adults =15 = Yourger Adults =16 = --Name one independent variable. a.Is this IV manipulated or not manipulated by the researcher? b.Does this IV represent independent groups or correlated groups? c.How many levels does this IV have?

(Short Answer)

4.8/5

(69)

Question 120

_________ refers to a factorial design in which at least one IV has independent groups and one IV has correlated groups.

Statistical results with a probability of chance between 5% and 10% are

Kyle is interested in examining how sex of participant (male, female) and self-esteem (high, low) affect perseverance on a novel task. What type of design is this?

What is the shorthand notation for this experiment? (for example, 2 x 2, 2 x 2 x 2, etc.) Explain your answer.

Another word for an independent variable is a

Suppose you conduct a 2 x 2 ANOVA for independent samples. If your "df total" in the study is 23, how many participants were in the sample?

Describe in your own words "modern racism" and explain how this perspective relates to the study by Johnson et al. (1995).

Is this a between-groups design, a within-groups design, or a mixed design? How do you know?

Distinguish between an independent-groups factorial design, a correlated-groups factorial design, and a mixed-group factorial design.

What is the other independent variable? How many levels does it have? Is it a between-groups IV or a within-groups IV?

If we find a significant interaction in a 2 x 2 design, we should

Suppose a researcher is interested in examining the effects of sex of participant, sex of confederate, and self-esteem of participant (high, low) on the participants' reactions to negative feedback. How many main effects are there in this study?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters