Question 1

A factorial design with three IVs is known as a _______ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple levels 
B)  three-way 
C)  three-IV 
D)  multiple-IV 
A)  multiple levels 
B)  three-way 
C)  three-IV 
D)  multiple-IV

Question 2

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data:
 $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } 
\hline & \text { Crowded Roonl } & \text { Uncrowded Roorn } \
\hline \text { Introverts } & \boldsymbol { M } = 12 & \boldsymbol { M } = 18 \
\hline \text { Extroverts } & \boldsymbol { M } = 18 & \boldsymbol { M } = 12 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Does there appear to be an interaction between room and personality? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Accepted Answer

Yes; the lines on th

Question 3

Questions  refer to Table 12-1 below. In this study, a researcher is interested in determining if the type of reinforcement affects the number of books read over the summer. A sample of 12-year-old children (half of them boys and half of them girls) is randomly assigned to receive either candy, money, toys, or nothing for every book read over the summer. The mean number of books read over the summer for each group is listed within each cell.
Table 12-1:
Type of Reinforcement
Candy Money Toys None
 $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline \boldsymbol { M } = 10 & \boldsymbol { M } = 10 & \boldsymbol { M } = 10 & \boldsymbol { M } = 2 \
\hline \boldsymbol { M } = 10 & \boldsymbol { M } = 10 & \boldsymbol { M } = 10 & \boldsymbol { M } = 2 \
\hline
\end{array}$$ Boys
Girls
-Consult Table 12-1. Which of the following statements best describes the results?

Accepted Answer

A)  There appears to be a main effect for gender, a main effect for type of reinforcement, and no interaction. 
B)  There appears to be a main effect for gender, a main effect for type of reinforcement, and an interaction. 
C)  There appears to be a main effect for gender, no main effect for type of reinforcement, and no interaction. 
D)  There appears to be no main effect for gender, a main effect for type of reinforcement, and no interaction. 
A)  There appears to be a main effect for gender, a main effect for type of reinforcement, and no interaction. 
B)  There appears to be a main effect for gender, a main effect for type of reinforcement, and an interaction. 
C)  There appears to be a main effect for gender, no main effect for type of reinforcement, and no interaction. 
D)  There appears to be no main effect for gender, a main effect for type of reinforcement, and no interaction.

Question 4

Suppose you wanted to conduct a study in which students read chapters on the same topic from two different textbooks and then take a quiz over each chapter. The researcher should NOT use a(n) ______ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated measures 
B)  between-groups 
C)  independent-samples 
D)  between-subjects 
A)  repeated measures 
B)  between-groups 
C)  independent-samples 
D)  between-subjects

Question 5

Does there appear to be an interaction between room and personality? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Accepted Answer

No; the li

Question 6

Distinguish between a main effect and an interaction.

Accepted Answer

A main effect refers to the overall impa

Question 7

The sole effect of one IV in a factorial design is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  interaction. 
B)  main effect. 
C)  one-way effect. 
D)  correlated-groups effect. 
A)  interaction. 
B)  main effect. 
C)  one-way effect. 
D)  correlated-groups effect.

Question 8

When your results are marginally significant, there is a _______ chance of making a ________ than when the results are significant.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower; Type I error 
B)  greater; Type I error 
C)  greater; Type II error 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  lower; Type I error 
B)  greater; Type I error 
C)  greater; Type II error 
D)  None of the above.

Question 9

According to your text, "You find a research idea when you identify a gap in the current knowledge base…" . What was the gap in the knowledge base, according to the authors?

Accepted Answer

Past research has examined whether inadm

Question 10

Explain in words (using APA-format) the interaction between sex of participant and image type.

Accepted Answer

Results from the mixed factorial ANOVA s

Question 11

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of image type.

Accepted Answer

Results from the mixed factorial ANOVA s

Question 12

Suppose you have conducted a 2 x 2 completely between-groups experiment. What are the three F ratio formulas you will need in order to analyze your data?

Accepted Answer

In a 2 x 2 completely between-groups (al

Question 13

Identify two potential extraneous variables that were controlled in this experiment.

Accepted Answer

Background details about the defendant (

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of conducting a factorial experiment rather than separate experiments for each independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is less time-consuming to conduct a factorial experiment. 
B)  A factorial experiment allows the researcher to examine interactions. 
C)  A factorial experiment allows the researcher to conduct post-hoc tests. 
D)  All of the above are advantages of factorial designs over individual experiments for each independent variable. 
A)  It is less time-consuming to conduct a factorial experiment. 
B)  A factorial experiment allows the researcher to examine interactions. 
C)  A factorial experiment allows the researcher to conduct post-hoc tests. 
D)  All of the above are advantages of factorial designs over individual experiments for each independent variable.

Question 15

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect).
Table 12-4
TABLE OF MEANS:

$\begin{array}{c}
\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\
\begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}$

SOURCE TABLE

$\begin{array}{lcccccc}
\text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \
\text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \
\quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \
\quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \
& & & & & \
\text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \
\quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \
\text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\
\
\text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29
\end{array}$
-Refer to Table 12-4. Overall, the average positive affect rating before the experiment was _____ and the average positive affect rating after the experiment was ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  11.10; 13.30 
B)  10.60; 3.50 
C)  12.20; 7.05 
D)  10.85; 8.40 
A)  11.10; 13.30 
B)  10.60; 3.50 
C)  12.20; 7.05 
D)  10.85; 8.40

Question 16

Is this independent variable manipulated or measured?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is this independent variable manipulated or measured?...

Question 17

________ effects occur when the effects of combining two or more conditions are greater than what is individually possible.

Accepted Answer

A)  Parsimonious 
B)  Synergistic 
C)  Independent 
D)  Correlated 
A)  Parsimonious 
B)  Synergistic 
C)  Independent 
D)  Correlated

Question 18

In the following study, male and female participants were instructed to press a button on a computer keyboard as soon as they detected a tone through their headphones. Participants were randomly assigned to hear either a loud tone or a soft tone. The researchers measured the amount of time it took participants to press the computer button (in milliseconds). Smaller numbers indicate better performance on the task.
 TAELE OF MEANS:

$\begin{array}{c}
\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TONE INTENSITY }\
\begin{array} { l c c c c } & & \text { LOUD } & \text { SOFT } & \text { ROW M } \ \text { Participant } & \text { Female } & 516.70 & 834.50 & 675.60 \ \text { Sex } & \text { Male } & 528.80 & 763.80 & 646.30 \
&\text { COLUMN M }&522.75 & 799.15\
\end{array}\end{array}$
$$\text { Pop. } M = 660.95$$

SOURCE TAELE

-What are the degrees of freedom for Tone Intensity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the following study, male and female...

Question 19

What is the difference between treatment variability and error variability in factorial designs?

Accepted Answer

In the context of factorial designs, whi

Question 20

Example #2: A researcher takes a sample of 40 introverts and 40 extroverts and asks them to solve problems in either a crowded room or an uncrowded room. The researcher measures the number of problems solved (numbers can range from 0 problems solved to 25 problems solved).
 $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } 
\hline & \text { Crowded Roonl } & \text { Uncrowded Roorn } \
\hline \text { Introverts } & \boldsymbol { M } = 12 & \boldsymbol { M } = 12 \
\hline \text { Extroverts } & \boldsymbol { M } = 18 & \boldsymbol { M } = 18 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
--Name the other independent variable.
a.Is this IV manipulated or not manipulated by the researcher?
b.Does this IV represent independent groups or correlated groups?
c.How many levels does this IV have?

Accepted Answer

-room type (crowded,

A factorial design with three IVs is known as a _______ design.

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =18 Extroverts =18 =12 -Does there appear to be an interaction between room and personality? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Suppose you wanted to conduct a study in which students read chapters on the same topic from two different textbooks and then take a quiz over each chapter. The researcher should NOT use a(n) ______ design.

Does there appear to be an interaction between room and personality? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Distinguish between a main effect and an interaction.

The sole effect of one IV in a factorial design is called a(n)

When your results are marginally significant, there is a _ chance of making a __ than when the results are significant.

According to your text, "You find a research idea when you identify a gap in the current knowledge base…" . What was the gap in the knowledge base, according to the authors?

Explain in words (using APA-format) the interaction between sex of participant and image type.

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of image type.

Suppose you have conducted a 2 x 2 completely between-groups experiment. What are the three F ratio formulas you will need in order to analyze your data?

Identify two potential extraneous variables that were controlled in this experiment.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of conducting a factorial experiment rather than separate experiments for each independent variable?

Is this independent variable manipulated or measured?

________ effects occur when the effects of combining two or more conditions are greater than what is individually possible.

What is the difference between treatment variability and error variability in factorial designs?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 12: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

A factorial design with three IVs is known as a _______ design.

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =18 Extroverts =18 =12 -Does there appear to be an interaction between room and personality? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Suppose you wanted to conduct a study in which students read chapters on the same topic from two different textbooks and then take a quiz over each chapter. The researcher should NOT use a(n) ______ design.

Does there appear to be an interaction between room and personality? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Distinguish between a main effect and an interaction.

The sole effect of one IV in a factorial design is called a(n)

When your results are marginally significant, there is a _______ chance of making a ________ than when the results are significant.

According to your text, "You find a research idea when you identify a gap in the current knowledge base…" . What was the gap in the knowledge base, according to the authors?

Explain in words (using APA-format) the interaction between sex of participant and image type.

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of image type.

Suppose you have conducted a 2 x 2 completely between-groups experiment. What are the three F ratio formulas you will need in order to analyze your data?

Identify two potential extraneous variables that were controlled in this experiment.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of conducting a factorial experiment rather than separate experiments for each independent variable?

Is this independent variable manipulated or measured?

________ effects occur when the effects of combining two or more conditions are greater than what is individually possible.

What is the difference between treatment variability and error variability in factorial designs?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

When your results are marginally significant, there is a _ chance of making a __ than when the results are significant.