Question 1

The joint effect on the DV of more than one IV is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  interaction. 
B)  main effect. 
C)  one-way effect. 
D)  correlated-groups effect. 
A)  interaction. 
B)  main effect. 
C)  one-way effect. 
D)  correlated-groups effect. A

Question 2

What is a between-subjects factorial design? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

A between-subjects factorial design is a research design in which participants are assigned to different levels of two or more independent variables. Each participant is only exposed to one level of each independent variable, and their responses are compared across the different levels of the independent variables.

For example, let's say a researcher is interested in studying the effects of both gender and age on memory performance. They might conduct a between-subjects factorial design study in which participants are randomly assigned to one of four groups: male/young, male/old, female/young, and female/old. Each group represents a combination of the two independent variables (gender and age), and the researcher can then compare memory performance across the four groups to see if there are any significant differences.

In this example, the between-subjects factorial design allows the researcher to examine the main effects of gender and age, as well as any potential interactions between the two variables, on memory performance. This design is useful for studying the effects of multiple independent variables on a dependent variable, and it helps to control for individual differences by assigning different participants to each level of the independent variables.

Question 3

Suppose a researcher finds a significant interaction between gender of the experimenter and race of the experimenter in terms of how much eye contact the participants make with the experimenter. To explain this interaction, the researcher needs to mention

Accepted Answer

A)  the race of the experimenter. 
B)  the gender of the experimenter. 
C)  both race and gender of the experimenter. 
D)  neither race nor gender of the experimenter. 
A)  the race of the experimenter. 
B)  the gender of the experimenter. 
C)  both race and gender of the experimenter. 
D)  neither race nor gender of the experimenter. C

Question 4

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data:
 $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } 
\hline & \text { Crowded Roonl } & \text { Uncrowded Roorn } \
\hline \text { Introverts } & \boldsymbol { M } = 12 & \boldsymbol { M } = 18 \
\hline \text { Extroverts } & \boldsymbol { M } = 12 & \boldsymbol { M } = 18 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Does there appear to be an interaction between room and personality? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Accepted Answer

No; the li

Question 5

Expanding a 2 x 2 design to a 4 x 2 design means going from ___ groups (in the 2 x 2) to ____ groups (in the 4 x 2)

Accepted Answer

A)  2; 4 
B)  4; 6 
C)  4; 8 
D)  2; 8 
A)  2; 4 
B)  4; 6 
C)  4; 8 
D)  2; 8

Question 6

If we obtain a probability between .05 and .10, we usually refer to it as

Accepted Answer

A)  highly significant. 
B)  marginally significant. 
C)  a Type II error. 
D)  a main effect. 
A)  highly significant. 
B)  marginally significant. 
C)  a Type II error. 
D)  a main effect.

Question 7

Suppose you design an experiment that had one IV with two levels, one IV with three levels, and another IV with four levels. What is the shorthand notation for this design?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 x 9 
B)  1 x 24 
C)  2 x 3 x 4 
D)  1 x 2 x 3 
A)  1 x 9 
B)  1 x 24 
C)  2 x 3 x 4 
D)  1 x 2 x 3

Question 8

What is a within-subjects factorial design? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

Within-subjects factorial design is a re

Question 9

Suzanne conducts a study with a sample of people whom she classifies as either extreme alcoholics or moderate alcoholics (based on the number of alcoholic beverages consumed per day). She brings them to the lab and randomly assigns them to one of three treatment conditions: a self-help group with no therapist (e.g., AA), group therapy with a licensed therapist, or individual therapy with a licensed therapist. She wonders if extreme alcoholics will react differently to the various treatments than moderate alcoholics. Suzanne's study represents a ________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 x 2 factorial 
B)  2 x 3 factorial 
C)  one-way ANOVA for independent samples 
D)  one-way ANOVA for correlated samples 
A)  2 x 2 factorial 
B)  2 x 3 factorial 
C)  one-way ANOVA for independent samples 
D)  one-way ANOVA for correlated samples

Question 10

A 2 x 2 design means that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are two independent variables, each with two levels. 
B)  there is one independent variable with four levels. 
C)  there is one independent variable with two levels, and one dependent variable with two levels. 
D)  there is one dependent variable with four levels. 
A)  there are two independent variables, each with two levels. 
B)  there is one independent variable with four levels. 
C)  there is one independent variable with two levels, and one dependent variable with two levels. 
D)  there is one dependent variable with four levels.

Question 11

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data:
 $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } 
\hline & \text { Crowded Roonl } & \text { Uncrowded Roorn } \
\hline \text { Introverts } & \boldsymbol { M } = 12 & \boldsymbol { M } = 18 \
\hline \text { Extroverts } & \boldsymbol { M } = 18 & \boldsymbol { M } = 12 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Does there appear to be a main effect of personality (introversion/extraversion)?

Accepted Answer

No; introverts (M =

Question 12

Does there appear to be an interaction between age and time of day? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Accepted Answer

Yes; the line graph

Question 13

In a completely within-subjects design using repeated measures,

Accepted Answer

A)  all participants participate in every possible treatment combination. 
B)  half of the participants participate in one part of the experiment, and the other half of the participants participate in the other part of the experiment. 
C)  participants are randomly assigned to conditions. 
D)  Cannot answer without additional information. 
A)  all participants participate in every possible treatment combination. 
B)  half of the participants participate in one part of the experiment, and the other half of the participants participate in the other part of the experiment. 
C)  participants are randomly assigned to conditions. 
D)  Cannot answer without additional information.

Question 14

A two-way ANOVA for mixed samples is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  one IV using repeated measures or matching, and one IV using random assignment. 
B)  both IVs using random assignment. 
C)  both IVs using repeated measures or matching. 
D)  three IVs, all of which use random assignment. 
A)  one IV using repeated measures or matching, and one IV using random assignment. 
B)  both IVs using random assignment. 
C)  both IVs using repeated measures or matching. 
D)  three IVs, all of which use random assignment.

Question 15

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect).
Table 12-4
TABLE OF MEANS:

$\begin{array}{c}
\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\
\begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}$

SOURCE TABLE

$\begin{array}{lcccccc}
\text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \
\text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \
\quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \
\quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \
& & & & & \
\text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \
\quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \
\text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\
\
\text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29
\end{array}$
-Refer to Table 12-2. The main effect of participant sex ____ significant; therefore, we should conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  is; men administered more shocks than women. 
B)  is not; men administered more shocks than women. 
C)  is; there are no overall differences between men and women in terms of the number of shocks administered. 
D)  is not; there are no overall differences between men and women in terms of the number of shocks administered. 
A)  is; men administered more shocks than women. 
B)  is not; men administered more shocks than women. 
C)  is; there are no overall differences between men and women in terms of the number of shocks administered. 
D)  is not; there are no overall differences between men and women in terms of the number of shocks administered.

Question 16

What is the scale of measurement for the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the scale of measurement for...

Question 17

Kyle is interested in examining how sex of participant (male, female) and self-esteem (high, low) affect perseverance on a novel task. What kind of analysis will Kyle use?

Accepted Answer

A)  One-way ANOVA for independent samples 
B)  Two-way ANOVA for independent samples 
C)  Two-way ANOVA for correlated samples 
D)  Two-way ANOVA for mixed samples 
A)  One-way ANOVA for independent samples 
B)  Two-way ANOVA for independent samples 
C)  Two-way ANOVA for correlated samples 
D)  Two-way ANOVA for mixed samples

Question 18

Is this a two-groups design, a multiple-groups design, or a factorial design? How do you know?

Accepted Answer

This is a factorial

Question 19

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of arm tickle.

Accepted Answer

Results from the within-groups factorial

Question 20

In a(n) _________ groups design, groups of participants are formed by random assignment.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  correlated 
C)  repeated measures 
D)  natural groups 
A)  independent 
B)  correlated 
C)  repeated measures 
D)  natural groups

The joint effect on the DV of more than one IV is called a(n)

What is a between-subjects factorial design? Give an example.

Suppose a researcher finds a significant interaction between gender of the experimenter and race of the experimenter in terms of how much eye contact the participants make with the experimenter. To explain this interaction, the researcher needs to mention

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =18 Extroverts =12 =18 -Does there appear to be an interaction between room and personality? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Expanding a 2 x 2 design to a 4 x 2 design means going from _ groups (in the 2 x 2) to __ groups (in the 4 x 2)

If we obtain a probability between .05 and .10, we usually refer to it as

Suppose you design an experiment that had one IV with two levels, one IV with three levels, and another IV with four levels. What is the shorthand notation for this design?

What is a within-subjects factorial design? Give an example.

A 2 x 2 design means that

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =18 Extroverts =18 =12 -Does there appear to be a main effect of personality (introversion/extraversion)?

Does there appear to be an interaction between age and time of day? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

In a completely within-subjects design using repeated measures,

A two-way ANOVA for mixed samples is composed of

What is the scale of measurement for the dependent variable?

Kyle is interested in examining how sex of participant (male, female) and self-esteem (high, low) affect perseverance on a novel task. What kind of analysis will Kyle use?

Is this a two-groups design, a multiple-groups design, or a factorial design? How do you know?

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of arm tickle.

In a(n) _________ groups design, groups of participants are formed by random assignment.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 12: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

The joint effect on the DV of more than one IV is called a(n)

What is a between-subjects factorial design? Give an example.

Suppose a researcher finds a significant interaction between gender of the experimenter and race of the experimenter in terms of how much eye contact the participants make with the experimenter. To explain this interaction, the researcher needs to mention

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =18 Extroverts =12 =18 -Does there appear to be an interaction between room and personality? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

Expanding a 2 x 2 design to a 4 x 2 design means going from ___ groups (in the 2 x 2) to ____ groups (in the 4 x 2)

If we obtain a probability between .05 and .10, we usually refer to it as

Suppose you design an experiment that had one IV with two levels, one IV with three levels, and another IV with four levels. What is the shorthand notation for this design?

What is a within-subjects factorial design? Give an example.

A 2 x 2 design means that

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =18 Extroverts =18 =12 -Does there appear to be a main effect of personality (introversion/extraversion)?

Does there appear to be an interaction between age and time of day? (Hint: Draw a line graph)

In a completely within-subjects design using repeated measures,

A two-way ANOVA for mixed samples is composed of

What is the scale of measurement for the dependent variable?

Kyle is interested in examining how sex of participant (male, female) and self-esteem (high, low) affect perseverance on a novel task. What kind of analysis will Kyle use?

Is this a two-groups design, a multiple-groups design, or a factorial design? How do you know?

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of arm tickle.

In a(n) _________ groups design, groups of participants are formed by random assignment.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Expanding a 2 x 2 design to a 4 x 2 design means going from _ groups (in the 2 x 2) to __ groups (in the 4 x 2)