Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: \(\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\\ \begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \\ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \\ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \\ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \\ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}\) SOURCE TABLE \(\begin{array}{lcccccc} \text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\ \text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \\ \quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \\ & & & & & \\ \text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \\ \text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\\ \\ \text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29 \end{array}\) -Refer to Table 12-4. The main effect for confederate demeanor ____ significant; therefore, we should conclude that

A) is; participants felt more positive affect after interacting with a pleasant confederate versus an unpleasant confederate. B) is not; participants felt more positive affect after interacting with a pleasant confederate versus an unpleasant confederate. C) is; there are no differences in positive affect ratings as a function of interacting with a pleasant versus unpleasant confederate. D) is not; there are no differences in positive affect ratings as a function of interacting with a pleasant versus unpleasant confederate. A) is; participants felt more positive affect after interacting with a pleasant confederate versus an unpleasant confederate. B) is not; participants felt more positive affect after interacting with a pleasant confederate versus an unpleasant confederate. C) is; there are no differences in positive affect ratings as a function of interacting with a pleasant versus unpleasant confederate. D) is not; there are no differences in positive affect ratings as a function of interacting with a pleasant versus unpleasant confederate.

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: \(\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\\ \begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \\ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \\ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \\ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \\ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}\) SOURCE TABLE \(\begin{array}{lcccccc} \text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\ \text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \\ \quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \\ & & & & & \\ \text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \\ \text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\\ \\ \text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29 \end{array}\) -Refer to Table 12-3. Ethnicity of face is a ______-subjects variable and facial expression is a ______-subjects variable.

A) between; between B) within; within C) between; within D) within; between A) between; between B) within; within C) between; within D) within; between

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: \(\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED }\\ \begin{array} { l l c c r } & & \text { BEFORE EXPERIMENT } & \text { AFTER EXPERIMENT } & \text { ROW M } \\ \text { Confederate } & \text { Pleasant } & 11.10 & 13.30 & 12.20 \\ \text { Demeanor } & \text { Unpleasant } & 10.60 & 3.50 & 7.05 \\ & \text { COLUMN M } & 10.85 & 8.40 & \\ & & & \text { Pop. } \mathrm { M } = 9.63 \end{array} \end{array}\) SOURCE TABLE \(\begin{array}{lcccccc} \text { SOURCE } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\ \text { Between subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Confederate Demeanor } & 265.23 & 1 & 3705.63 & 420.43 & .000 \\ \quad \text { Error } & 158.65 & 18 & 8.81 & & \\ & & & & & \\ \text { Within subjects effects } & & & & & & \\ \quad \text { Time } & 60.03 & 1 & 60.03 & 18.14 & .000 \\ \text { Confederate } x \text { Time } & 216.23 & 1 & 216.23 & 65.69 & .000\\ \\ \text { Error }& 59.25 & 18 & 3.29 \end{array}\) -Refer to Table 12-2. Which of the following is true?

A) There is a significant main effect of room temperature. B) There is a significant main effect of participant sex. C) There is a significant interaction between room temperature and participant sex. D) All of the above. A) There is a significant main effect of room temperature. B) There is a significant main effect of participant sex. C) There is a significant interaction between room temperature and participant sex. D) All of the above.

Exam 12: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Marning Testing Afternoon Testing Older Adults =19 =12 Yourger Adults =19 =12 -Does there appear to be a main effect of time of day?

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Question 21

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Marning Testing Afternoon Testing Older Adults =19 =12 Yourger Adults =19 =12 -Does there appear to be a main effect of age?

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Question 22

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of sex of participant.

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Question 23

What is the shorthand notation for this experiment? (for example, 2 x 3, 2 x 2 x 2, etc.) Explain your answer.

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Question 24

Example #2: A researcher takes a sample of 40 introverts and 40 extroverts and asks them to solve problems in either a crowded room or an uncrowded room. The researcher measures the number of problems solved (numbers can range from 0 problems solved to 25 problems solved). Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =12 Extroverts =18 =18 --Name one independent variable. a. Is this IV manipulated or not manipulated by the researcher? b. Does this IV represent independent groups or correlated groups? c. How many levels does this IV have?

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Question 25

Charlotte is interested in examining how spouses negotiate housework. She has husbands and wives come to the laboratory to answer two questionnaires: (1) questions about the housework they themselves like to do, and (2) questions about the housework they think their spouse likes to do. The design is a 2 (spouse: husband, wife) x 2 (target of questionnaire: self, other) ANOVA. Which kind of ANOVA will Charlotte use?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 26

In a(n) _________ groups design, groups of participants are formed by matching, natural pairs, or repeated measures.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 27

Example #3: A researcher wishes to examine whether people high or low in self-esteem react differently to different kinds of therapy for depression. She takes a sample of 120 people (half have high self-esteem and half have low self-esteem) and randomly assigns them to one of three conditions (humanistic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and a control group of no therapy. She records their level of depression after 3 months of therapy. Scores can range from 1 (very little depression) to 30 (extreme depression). -Name the dependent variable.

(Short Answer)

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Question 28

What is a mixed factorial design? Give an example.

(Short Answer)

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Question 29

Accepting the experimental hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true is a

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 30

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED BEFORE EXPERIMENT AFTER EXPERIMENT ROW M Confederate Pleasant 11.10 13.30 12.20 Demeanor Unpleasant 10.60 3.50 7.05 COLUMN M 10.85 8.40 Pop. =9.63 SOURCE TABLE SOURCE SS df MS F p Between subjects effects Confederate Demeanor 265.23 1 3705.63 420.43 .000 Error 158.65 18 8.81 Within subjects effects Time 60.03 1 60.03 18.14 .000 Confederate x Time 216.23 1 216.23 65.69 .000 Error 59.25 18 3.29 -Refer to Table 12-4. The main effect for confederate demeanor ____ significant; therefore, we should conclude that

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 31

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED BEFORE EXPERIMENT AFTER EXPERIMENT ROW M Confederate Pleasant 11.10 13.30 12.20 Demeanor Unpleasant 10.60 3.50 7.05 COLUMN M 10.85 8.40 Pop. =9.63 SOURCE TABLE SOURCE SS df MS F p Between subjects effects Confederate Demeanor 265.23 1 3705.63 420.43 .000 Error 158.65 18 8.81 Within subjects effects Time 60.03 1 60.03 18.14 .000 Confederate x Time 216.23 1 216.23 65.69 .000 Error 59.25 18 3.29 -Refer to Table 12-3. Ethnicity of face is a -subjects variable and facial expression is a -subjects variable.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 32

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =18 Extroverts =12 =18 -Does there appear to be a main effect of personality (introversion/extraversion)?

(Essay)

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Question 33

An experimental design with more than one IV is referred to as a(n) ________ design.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 34

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Marning Testing Afternoon Testing Older Adults =15 =15 Yourger Adults =19 = -Does there appear to be a main effect of age?

(Essay)

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Question 35

Questions refer to Table 12-1 below. In this study, a researcher is interested in determining if the type of reinforcement affects the number of books read over the summer. A sample of 12-year-old children (half of them boys and half of them girls) is randomly assigned to receive either candy, money, toys, or nothing for every book read over the summer. The mean number of books read over the summer for each group is listed within each cell. Table 12-1: Type of Reinforcement Candy Money Toys None =10 =10 =10 =2 =10 =10 =10 =2 Boys Girls -Consult Table 12-1. This study represents a ________ design.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 36

A two-way ANOVA for independent samples is composed of

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 37

Does there appear to be a main effect of room?

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Question 38

Questions refer to Table 12-4. A researcher is interested in determining just how much negative interactions with strangers affect our sense of well-being. In this example, participants completed a scale of positive affect. Later, either a pleasant or unpleasant confederate is randomly assigned to interact with each participant. At the end of the experiment, participants’ positive affect is again assessed. Positive affect scores could range from 1 (low positive affect) to 15 (high positive affect). Table 12-4 TABLE OF MEANS: TIME POSITIVE AFFECT ASSESSED BEFORE EXPERIMENT AFTER EXPERIMENT ROW M Confederate Pleasant 11.10 13.30 12.20 Demeanor Unpleasant 10.60 3.50 7.05 COLUMN M 10.85 8.40 Pop. =9.63 SOURCE TABLE SOURCE SS df MS F p Between subjects effects Confederate Demeanor 265.23 1 3705.63 420.43 .000 Error 158.65 18 8.81 Within subjects effects Time 60.03 1 60.03 18.14 .000 Confederate x Time 216.23 1 216.23 65.69 .000 Error 59.25 18 3.29 -Refer to Table 12-2. Which of the following is true?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 39

Briefly describe the three ways in which researchers can create correlated groups.

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Question 40

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Marning Testing Afternoon Testing Older Adults =19 =12 Yourger Adults =19 =12 -Does there appear to be a main effect of time of day?

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Marning Testing Afternoon Testing Older Adults =19 =12 Yourger Adults =19 =12 -Does there appear to be a main effect of age?

Explain in words (using APA-format) the main effect of sex of participant.

What is the shorthand notation for this experiment? (for example, 2 x 3, 2 x 2 x 2, etc.) Explain your answer.

In a(n) _________ groups design, groups of participants are formed by matching, natural pairs, or repeated measures.

What is a mixed factorial design? Give an example.

Accepting the experimental hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true is a

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Crowded Roonl Uncrowded Roorn Introverts =12 =18 Extroverts =12 =18 -Does there appear to be a main effect of personality (introversion/extraversion)?

An experimental design with more than one IV is referred to as a(n) ________ design.

Suppose instead, you obtained the following data: Marning Testing Afternoon Testing Older Adults =15 =15 Yourger Adults =19 = -Does there appear to be a main effect of age?

A two-way ANOVA for independent samples is composed of

Does there appear to be a main effect of room?

Briefly describe the three ways in which researchers can create correlated groups.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

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