Question 1

Which of the following are causes of metabolic acidosis?
I. Diabetic ketoacidosis
II. Salicylate intoxication
III. Severe diarrhea
IV. Renal failure

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  I, II and III only 
D)  II and III only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  I, II and III only 
D)  II and III only

Question 2

What is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  diabetes 
B)  COPD 
C)  cardiovascular disease 
D)  cancer 
A)  diabetes 
B)  COPD 
C)  cardiovascular disease 
D)  cancer

Question 3

How does the body correct for alveolar hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  It can't without the administration of supplemental oxygen 
A)  respiratory acidosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  It can't without the administration of supplemental oxygen

Question 4

Below what pH is a solution considered acidic?

Accepted Answer

A)  9 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  7 
A)  9 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  7

Question 5

What are the most commonly measured anions in the anion gap?

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate and potassium 
B)  sodium and chloride 
C)  chloride and bicarbonate 
D)  bicarbonate and sodium 
A)  bicarbonate and potassium 
B)  sodium and chloride 
C)  chloride and bicarbonate 
D)  bicarbonate and sodium

Question 6

A semi-conscious patient with a severe asthma episode continues to deteriorate clinically in ER and does not respond to treatment. Which acid base abnormality would you expect to be present?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory alkalosis 
B)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  respiratory acidosis 
A)  respiratory alkalosis 
B)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  respiratory acidosis

Question 7

What directly relates to the acidity of a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  concentration of bound anions 
B)  concentration of free electrons 
C)  concentration of bound protons 
D)  concentration of free protons 
A)  concentration of bound anions 
B)  concentration of free electrons 
C)  concentration of bound protons 
D)  concentration of free protons

Question 8

Which acid base abnormality would likely occur in a patient with acute ventilatory failure who has a complete cardiac and respiratory arrest?

Accepted Answer

A)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
A)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis

Question 9

If the pH is 7.20 and the PaCO2 is 80 mmHg, what would the HCO3- equal if the "rule of thumb" is applied?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 mEq/L 
B)  28 mEq/L 
C)  24 mEq/L 
D)  26 mEq/L 
A)  20 mEq/L 
B)  28 mEq/L 
C)  24 mEq/L 
D)  26 mEq/L

Question 10

What is the body's most effective acid-base balance monitor and regulator?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory system 
B)  pons 
C)  renal system 
D)  peripheral chemoreceptors 
A)  respiratory system 
B)  pons 
C)  renal system 
D)  peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 11

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 15 and the log 15 equals 1.176), what would the pH equal?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH would be 7.18 
B)  insufficient information to calculate 
C)  pH would be 7.28 
D)  pH would be 7.28. 
A)  pH would be 7.18 
B)  insufficient information to calculate 
C)  pH would be 7.28 
D)  pH would be 7.28.

Question 12

What is the alternate name of the acid base abnormality resulting from a decreased HCO3-?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis 
B)  hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 
C)  hypernatremic metabolic alkalosis 
D)  hypernatremic metabolic acidosis 
A)  hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis 
B)  hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 
C)  hypernatremic metabolic alkalosis 
D)  hypernatremic metabolic acidosis

Question 13

When acute ventilatory failure is present, which of the following would be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal range 
B)  PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 within normal range 
C)  PCO2 above normal, pH within normal range, HCO3 below normal range 
D)  PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal range 
A)  PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal range 
B)  PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 within normal range 
C)  PCO2 above normal, pH within normal range, HCO3 below normal range 
D)  PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal range

Question 14

What equation mathematically illustrates how the pH of a solution is influenced by the base to acid ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  H-H equation 
B)  H-C equation 
C)  A-H equation 
D)  A-A equation 
A)  H-H equation 
B)  H-C equation 
C)  A-H equation 
D)  A-A equation

Question 15

Which of the following are causes of metabolic alkalosis?
I. Hypochloremia
II. Excessive vomiting
III. Severe diarrhea
IV. Diuretic therapy

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only 
A)  I, II, and III only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only

Question 16

What of the following can be used to determine the underlying cause of metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  ABG 
B)  liver enzyme panel 
C)  anion gap 
D)  urinalysis 
A)  ABG 
B)  liver enzyme panel 
C)  anion gap 
D)  urinalysis

Question 17

What is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer 
B)  pH 
C)  acid 
D)  HCO3- 
A)  buffer 
B)  pH 
C)  acid 
D)  HCO3-

Question 18

What percentage of the buffering power of body fluids is found in intercellular proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  75% 
B)  25% 
C)  10% 
D)  50% 
A)  75% 
B)  25% 
C)  10% 
D)  50%

Question 19

What substances are released when carbonic acid dissociates?

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate ions and proteins 
B)  bicarbonate ions and OH-. 
C)  bicarbonate ions and OH- 
D)  bicarbonate ions and water 
A)  bicarbonate ions and proteins 
B)  bicarbonate ions and OH-. 
C)  bicarbonate ions and OH- 
D)  bicarbonate ions and water

Question 20

What does an arterial pH of 7.30 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis or acidemia 
B)  normal arterial value 
C)  insufficient information to assess 
D)  alkalosis or alkalemia 
A)  acidosis or acidemia 
B)  normal arterial value 
C)  insufficient information to assess 
D)  alkalosis or alkalemia

Which of the following are causes of metabolic acidosis? I. Diabetic ketoacidosis II. Salicylate intoxication III. Severe diarrhea IV. Renal failure

What is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States?

How does the body correct for alveolar hyperventilation?

Below what pH is a solution considered acidic?

What are the most commonly measured anions in the anion gap?

A semi-conscious patient with a severe asthma episode continues to deteriorate clinically in ER and does not respond to treatment. Which acid base abnormality would you expect to be present?

What directly relates to the acidity of a solution?

Which acid base abnormality would likely occur in a patient with acute ventilatory failure who has a complete cardiac and respiratory arrest?

If the pH is 7.20 and the PaCO₂ is 80 mmHg, what would the HCO₃- equal if the "rule of thumb" is applied?

What is the body's most effective acid-base balance monitor and regulator?

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 15 and the log 15 equals 1.176), what would the pH equal?

What is the alternate name of the acid base abnormality resulting from a decreased HCO₃-?

When acute ventilatory failure is present, which of the following would be true?

What equation mathematically illustrates how the pH of a solution is influenced by the base to acid ratio?

Which of the following are causes of metabolic alkalosis? I. Hypochloremia II. Excessive vomiting III. Severe diarrhea IV. Diuretic therapy

What of the following can be used to determine the underlying cause of metabolic acidosis?

What is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration?

What percentage of the buffering power of body fluids is found in intercellular proteins?

What substances are released when carbonic acid dissociates?

What does an arterial pH of 7.30 indicate?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 7: Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Which of the following are causes of metabolic acidosis? I. Diabetic ketoacidosis II. Salicylate intoxication III. Severe diarrhea IV. Renal failure

What is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States?

How does the body correct for alveolar hyperventilation?

Below what pH is a solution considered acidic?

What are the most commonly measured anions in the anion gap?

A semi-conscious patient with a severe asthma episode continues to deteriorate clinically in ER and does not respond to treatment. Which acid base abnormality would you expect to be present?

What directly relates to the acidity of a solution?

Which acid base abnormality would likely occur in a patient with acute ventilatory failure who has a complete cardiac and respiratory arrest?

If the pH is 7.20 and the PaCO2 is 80 mmHg, what would the HCO3- equal if the "rule of thumb" is applied?

What is the body's most effective acid-base balance monitor and regulator?

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 15 and the log 15 equals 1.176), what would the pH equal?

What is the alternate name of the acid base abnormality resulting from a decreased HCO3-?

When acute ventilatory failure is present, which of the following would be true?

What equation mathematically illustrates how the pH of a solution is influenced by the base to acid ratio?

Which of the following are causes of metabolic alkalosis? I. Hypochloremia II. Excessive vomiting III. Severe diarrhea IV. Diuretic therapy

What of the following can be used to determine the underlying cause of metabolic acidosis?

What is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration?

What percentage of the buffering power of body fluids is found in intercellular proteins?

What substances are released when carbonic acid dissociates?

What does an arterial pH of 7.30 indicate?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

If the pH is 7.20 and the PaCO₂ is 80 mmHg, what would the HCO₃- equal if the "rule of thumb" is applied?

What is the alternate name of the acid base abnormality resulting from a decreased HCO₃-?