Question 1

Which of the following are located in the medulla oblongata?
I. VRG
II. PRG
III. DRG
IV. apneustic center

Accepted Answer

A)  II and IV only 
B)  I and II only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I and III only 
A)  II and IV only 
B)  I and II only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I and III only D

Question 2

What effect does sudden pain have on breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  causes an increase in tidal volume 
B)  causes a short period of apnea 
C)  causes the respiratory rate to increase 
D)  causes a decrease in respiratory rate 
A)  causes an increase in tidal volume 
B)  causes a short period of apnea 
C)  causes the respiratory rate to increase 
D)  causes a decrease in respiratory rate B

Question 3

Which portion of the brain coordinates the rate, depth, and rhythm?

Accepted Answer

A)  PRG 
B)  DRG 
C)  VRGs 
D)  apneustic center 
A)  PRG 
B)  DRG 
C)  VRGs 
D)  apneustic center C

Question 4

Which portion of the brain triggers inspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  DRG 
B)  VRGs 
C)  apneustic center 
D)  PRG 
A)  DRG 
B)  VRGs 
C)  apneustic center 
D)  PRG

Question 5

Stimulation of what receptors may produce a reflex cough, sneeze, or bronchoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

A)  irritant 
B)  deflation 
C)  Hering-Breuer 
D)  peripheral proprioceptor 
A)  irritant 
B)  deflation 
C)  Hering-Breuer 
D)  peripheral proprioceptor

Question 6

Which portion of the brain relays information from the chemoreceptors to the VRG?

Accepted Answer

A)  apneustic center 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  DRG 
D)  PRG 
A)  apneustic center 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  DRG 
D)  PRG

Question 7

Which portion of the brain gathers information from the peripheral stretch receptors and relays it to the VRG?

Accepted Answer

A)  PRG 
B)  DRG 
C)  apneustic center 
D)  hypothalamus 
A)  PRG 
B)  DRG 
C)  apneustic center 
D)  hypothalamus

Question 8

What impact will the administration of a high FIO2  likely have on a patient with chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed due to the low H+ and ventilation would be depressed 
B)  peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the excess oxygen being administered and ventilation would be depressed 
C)  central chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the high O2 being administered and ventilation would be depressed 
D)  both central and peripheral chemoreceptors would respond by triggering oxygen induced hyperventilation 
A)  peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed due to the low H+ and ventilation would be depressed 
B)  peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the excess oxygen being administered and ventilation would be depressed 
C)  central chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the high O2 being administered and ventilation would be depressed 
D)  both central and peripheral chemoreceptors would respond by triggering oxygen induced hyperventilation

Question 9

Which peripheral proprioceptors play a role in initiating and maintaining an increased respiratory rate during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  proprioceptors in skin 
B)  proprioceptors in joints and tendons 
C)  proprioceptors in muscles 
D)  proprioceptors in muscles and skin 
A)  proprioceptors in skin 
B)  proprioceptors in joints and tendons 
C)  proprioceptors in muscles 
D)  proprioceptors in muscles and skin

Question 10

What effect does foreign matter in the trachea have on ventilation in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in the rate and depth of breathing is activated. 
B)  The sneeze reflex is activated. 
C)  Apnea is triggered. 
D)  The cough reflex is activated. 
A)  An increase in the rate and depth of breathing is activated. 
B)  The sneeze reflex is activated. 
C)  Apnea is triggered. 
D)  The cough reflex is activated.

Question 11

At what approximate rate do the VRG's expiratory neurons fire per minute in a healthy adult at rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  18-22 times 
B)  4-8 times 
C)  24-28 times 
D)  12-15 times 
A)  18-22 times 
B)  4-8 times 
C)  24-28 times 
D)  12-15 times

Question 12

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors initially activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaCO2  of 60 mmHg 
B)  PaCO2  of 30 mmHg 
C)  PaO2  of 30 mmHg 
D)  PaO2  of 60 mmHg 
A)  PaCO2  of 60 mmHg 
B)  PaCO2  of 30 mmHg 
C)  PaO2  of 30 mmHg 
D)  PaO2  of 60 mmHg

Question 13

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors suppressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaCO2  below 60 mm Hg 
B)  PaO2  below 30 mm Hg 
C)  PaCO2  below 30 mm Hg 
D)  PaO2  below 60 mm Hg 
A)  PaCO2  below 60 mm Hg 
B)  PaO2  below 30 mm Hg 
C)  PaCO2  below 30 mm Hg 
D)  PaO2  below 60 mm Hg

Question 14

What is the secondary stimulus of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased H+ level 
B)  increased PaCO2 
C)  increased H+ level 
D)  decreased PaCO2 
A)  decreased H+ level 
B)  increased PaCO2 
C)  increased H+ level 
D)  decreased PaCO2

Question 15

What is another name for the Hering-Breuer reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  irritant reflex 
B)  inflation reflex 
C)  Head's paradoxical reflex 
D)  deflation reflex 
A)  irritant reflex 
B)  inflation reflex 
C)  Head's paradoxical reflex 
D)  deflation reflex

Question 16

In addition to ventilatory changes, which of the following can occur in response to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation?
I. Peripheral vasoconstriction
II. Systemic arterial hypertension
III. Bradycardia
IV. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, and IV only 
A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, and IV only

Question 17

What effect does an elevated body temperature have on ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes a decreased respiratory rate. 
B)  It does not affect ventilation. 
C)  It causes an increased respiratory rate. 
D)  It causes apnea. 
A)  It causes a decreased respiratory rate. 
B)  It does not affect ventilation. 
C)  It causes an increased respiratory rate. 
D)  It causes apnea.

Question 18

What effect will suppression of the VRG by overdose of alcohol or morphine have on ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory rate increases 
B)  respiratory rate decreases 
C)  respiratory rate and depth of breathing increases 
D)  breathing completely stops 
A)  respiratory rate increases 
B)  respiratory rate decreases 
C)  respiratory rate and depth of breathing increases 
D)  breathing completely stops

Question 19

Which respiratory reflex or center is triggered by strong emotions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritant reflex 
B)  peripheral proprioceptors 
C)  hypothalamic controls 
D)  Hering-Breuer reflex 
A)  Irritant reflex 
B)  peripheral proprioceptors 
C)  hypothalamic controls 
D)  Hering-Breuer reflex

Question 20

What would most likely trigger the peripheral chemoreceptors when uncontrolled diabetes is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive H+ accumulation 
B)  low PaCO2 
C)  low H+ levels in the blood 
D)  high PaCO2 
A)  excessive H+ accumulation 
B)  low PaCO2 
C)  low H+ levels in the blood 
D)  high PaCO2

Which of the following are located in the medulla oblongata? I. VRG II. PRG III. DRG IV. apneustic center

What effect does sudden pain have on breathing?

Which portion of the brain coordinates the rate, depth, and rhythm?

Which portion of the brain triggers inspiration?

Stimulation of what receptors may produce a reflex cough, sneeze, or bronchoconstriction?

Which portion of the brain relays information from the chemoreceptors to the VRG?

Which portion of the brain gathers information from the peripheral stretch receptors and relays it to the VRG?

What impact will the administration of a high FIO₂ likely have on a patient with chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia?

Which peripheral proprioceptors play a role in initiating and maintaining an increased respiratory rate during exercise?

What effect does foreign matter in the trachea have on ventilation in a healthy adult?

At what approximate rate do the VRG's expiratory neurons fire per minute in a healthy adult at rest?

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors initially activated?

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors suppressed?

What is the secondary stimulus of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

What is another name for the Hering-Breuer reflex?

In addition to ventilatory changes, which of the following can occur in response to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation? I. Peripheral vasoconstriction II. Systemic arterial hypertension III. Bradycardia IV. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

What effect does an elevated body temperature have on ventilation?

What effect will suppression of the VRG by overdose of alcohol or morphine have on ventilation?

Which respiratory reflex or center is triggered by strong emotions?

What would most likely trigger the peripheral chemoreceptors when uncontrolled diabetes is present?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 9: Control of Ventilation

Which of the following are located in the medulla oblongata? I. VRG II. PRG III. DRG IV. apneustic center

What effect does sudden pain have on breathing?

Which portion of the brain coordinates the rate, depth, and rhythm?

Which portion of the brain triggers inspiration?

Stimulation of what receptors may produce a reflex cough, sneeze, or bronchoconstriction?

Which portion of the brain relays information from the chemoreceptors to the VRG?

Which portion of the brain gathers information from the peripheral stretch receptors and relays it to the VRG?

What impact will the administration of a high FIO2 likely have on a patient with chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia?

Which peripheral proprioceptors play a role in initiating and maintaining an increased respiratory rate during exercise?

What effect does foreign matter in the trachea have on ventilation in a healthy adult?

At what approximate rate do the VRG's expiratory neurons fire per minute in a healthy adult at rest?

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors initially activated?

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors suppressed?

What is the secondary stimulus of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

What is another name for the Hering-Breuer reflex?

In addition to ventilatory changes, which of the following can occur in response to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation? I. Peripheral vasoconstriction II. Systemic arterial hypertension III. Bradycardia IV. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

What effect does an elevated body temperature have on ventilation?

What effect will suppression of the VRG by overdose of alcohol or morphine have on ventilation?

Which respiratory reflex or center is triggered by strong emotions?

What would most likely trigger the peripheral chemoreceptors when uncontrolled diabetes is present?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

What impact will the administration of a high FIO₂ likely have on a patient with chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia?