Question 1

Approximately how many nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 in 5 
B)  3 in 5 
C)  1 in 5 
D)  4 in 5 
A)  2 in 5 
B)  3 in 5 
C)  1 in 5 
D)  4 in 5 C

Question 2

What percentage of the glucose in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  99% 
B)  50% 
C)  100% 
D)  < 1% 
A)  99% 
B)  50% 
C)  100% 
D)  < 1% C

Question 3

How does fluid sequestration impact the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention resulting in an increase in urine output resulting in prerenal failure 
B)  Fluid sequestration leads to hypovolemia leading to a sharp reduction in urine output and prerenal failure 
C)  Fluid sequestration leads to an elevated BP, increases urine output, and leads to prerenal failure 
D)  Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention causing a drop in ADH release, an increased urine output, and prerenal failure 
A)  Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention resulting in an increase in urine output resulting in prerenal failure 
B)  Fluid sequestration leads to hypovolemia leading to a sharp reduction in urine output and prerenal failure 
C)  Fluid sequestration leads to an elevated BP, increases urine output, and leads to prerenal failure 
D)  Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention causing a drop in ADH release, an increased urine output, and prerenal failure B

Question 4

Into what vessels do the interlobular arteries branch?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arterioles 
B)  arcuate arteries 
C)  efferent arterioles 
D)  peritubular capillaries 
A)  afferent arterioles 
B)  arcuate arteries 
C)  efferent arterioles 
D)  peritubular capillaries

Question 5

What is the net filtration pressure in the glomeruli?

Accepted Answer

A)  55 mm Hg 
B)  10 mm Hg 
C)  30 mm Hg 
D)  75 mm Hg 
A)  55 mm Hg 
B)  10 mm Hg 
C)  30 mm Hg 
D)  75 mm Hg

Question 6

From which structure does the descending limb of the loop of Henle originate?

Accepted Answer

A)  peritubular capillary 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  renal pyramid 
A)  peritubular capillary 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  renal pyramid

Question 7

What is the average adult's urine output in an hour?

Accepted Answer

A)  90 mL 
B)  60 mL 
C)  15 mL 
D)  30 mL 
A)  90 mL 
B)  60 mL 
C)  15 mL 
D)  30 mL

Question 8

Which substance is reabsorbed by osmosis in the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  H+ 
C)  glucose 
D)  K+ 
A)  water 
B)  H+ 
C)  glucose 
D)  K+

Question 9

Into what structure does the distal convoluted tubule empty?

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter 
B)  ascending limb of loop of Henle 
C)  descending limb of loop pf Henle 
D)  collecting duct 
A)  ureter 
B)  ascending limb of loop of Henle 
C)  descending limb of loop pf Henle 
D)  collecting duct

Question 10

What are the second most prevalent bacterial infections in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory tract infections 
B)  skin infections 
C)  urinary tract infections 
D)  bone infections 
A)  respiratory tract infections 
B)  skin infections 
C)  urinary tract infections 
D)  bone infections

Question 11

Which of the following are classified as renal conditions? Acute pyelonephritis
Ureteral obstruction
Hypovolemia
Renal ischemia

Accepted Answer

A)  IV only 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  II only 
D)  III and IV only 
A)  IV only 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  II only 
D)  III and IV only

Question 12

On the average, how many liters of fluid are filtered by the glomeruli each day in the adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  60 
B)  180 
C)  30 
D)  125 
A)  60 
B)  180 
C)  30 
D)  125

Question 13

Which of the following are prerenal abnormalities? I. Prostatic hypertrophy
II. Renal ischemia
III. Septicemia
IV. Heart failure

Accepted Answer

A)  II, III, and IV 
B)  III and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV 
A)  II, III, and IV 
B)  III and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV

Question 14

Which of the following are classified as postrenal abnormalities? 
I. Ureteral calculi
II. Bladder outlet obstruction
III. Fluid sequestration

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III 
B)  I and II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I only 
A)  I, II, and III 
B)  I and II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I only

Question 15

In which portion of the kidney are the proximal convoluted tubules located?

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla 
B)  cortex 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  hilum 
A)  medulla 
B)  cortex 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  hilum

Question 16

Where is urine stored until it is discharged from the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  major calyces 
B)  urethra 
C)  bladder 
D)  ureter 
A)  major calyces 
B)  urethra 
C)  bladder 
D)  ureter

Question 17

What is the normal extracellular potassium concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 - 3 mEq/L 
B)  4 - 6.5 mEq/L 
C)  5-7.5 mEq/L 
D)  3.5 - 5 mEq/L 
A)  1.5 - 3 mEq/L 
B)  4 - 6.5 mEq/L 
C)  5-7.5 mEq/L 
D)  3.5 - 5 mEq/L

Question 18

What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.00 -1.002 
B)  1.012-1.033 
C)  1.030 - 1.30 
D)  1.003 - 1.030 
A)  1.00 -1.002 
B)  1.012-1.033 
C)  1.030 - 1.30 
D)  1.003 - 1.030

Question 19

Which of the following are functions of the renal system in acid base balance? 
I. Regulate excretion of H+
II. Regulate reabsorption of bicarbonate ions
III. Regulate excretion of PCO2

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I and II only 
D)  II only 
A)  I only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I and II only 
D)  II only

Question 20

When the extracellular fluids become too alkaline, how do the kidneys respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  They trigger the respiratory centers to hyperventilate 
B)  They excrete HCO3- into the urine 
C)  They excrete HCO3- into the blood 
D)  They add PCO2 into the blood 
A)  They trigger the respiratory centers to hyperventilate 
B)  They excrete HCO3- into the urine 
C)  They excrete HCO3- into the blood 
D)  They add PCO2 into the blood

Approximately how many nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons?

What percentage of the glucose in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood?

How does fluid sequestration impact the kidneys?

Into what vessels do the interlobular arteries branch?

What is the net filtration pressure in the glomeruli?

From which structure does the descending limb of the loop of Henle originate?

What is the average adult's urine output in an hour?

Which substance is reabsorbed by osmosis in the proximal tubule?

Into what structure does the distal convoluted tubule empty?

What are the second most prevalent bacterial infections in the United States?

Which of the following are classified as renal conditions? Acute pyelonephritis Ureteral obstruction Hypovolemia Renal ischemia

On the average, how many liters of fluid are filtered by the glomeruli each day in the adult?

Which of the following are prerenal abnormalities? I. Prostatic hypertrophy II. Renal ischemia III. Septicemia IV. Heart failure

Which of the following are classified as postrenal abnormalities? I. Ureteral calculi II. Bladder outlet obstruction III. Fluid sequestration

In which portion of the kidney are the proximal convoluted tubules located?

Where is urine stored until it is discharged from the body?

What is the normal extracellular potassium concentration?

What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?

Which of the following are functions of the renal system in acid base balance? I. Regulate excretion of H+ II. Regulate reabsorption of bicarbonate ions III. Regulate excretion of PCO₂

When the extracellular fluids become too alkaline, how do the kidneys respond?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 16: Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Approximately how many nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons?

What percentage of the glucose in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood?

How does fluid sequestration impact the kidneys?

Into what vessels do the interlobular arteries branch?

What is the net filtration pressure in the glomeruli?

From which structure does the descending limb of the loop of Henle originate?

What is the average adult's urine output in an hour?

Which substance is reabsorbed by osmosis in the proximal tubule?

Into what structure does the distal convoluted tubule empty?

What are the second most prevalent bacterial infections in the United States?

Which of the following are classified as renal conditions? Acute pyelonephritis Ureteral obstruction Hypovolemia Renal ischemia

On the average, how many liters of fluid are filtered by the glomeruli each day in the adult?

Which of the following are prerenal abnormalities? I. Prostatic hypertrophy II. Renal ischemia III. Septicemia IV. Heart failure

Which of the following are classified as postrenal abnormalities? I. Ureteral calculi II. Bladder outlet obstruction III. Fluid sequestration

In which portion of the kidney are the proximal convoluted tubules located?

Where is urine stored until it is discharged from the body?

What is the normal extracellular potassium concentration?

What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?

Which of the following are functions of the renal system in acid base balance? I. Regulate excretion of H+ II. Regulate reabsorption of bicarbonate ions III. Regulate excretion of PCO2

When the extracellular fluids become too alkaline, how do the kidneys respond?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Which of the following are functions of the renal system in acid base balance? I. Regulate excretion of H+ II. Regulate reabsorption of bicarbonate ions III. Regulate excretion of PCO₂