Question 1

Where does urine formation begin?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  collecting duct 
A)  renal pelvis 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  collecting duct

Question 2

Which structures compose the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla and Bachmann's capsule 
B)  glomerulus and Bachmann's capsule 
C)  medulla and Bowman's capsule 
D)  glomerulus and Bowman's capsule 
A)  medulla and Bachmann's capsule 
B)  glomerulus and Bachmann's capsule 
C)  medulla and Bowman's capsule 
D)  glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

Question 3

What is the funnel shaped structure formed within the kidney from the expansion of the ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  hilum 
C)  medulla 
D)  renal papillae 
A)  renal pelvis 
B)  hilum 
C)  medulla 
D)  renal papillae

Question 4

What is the normal systemic capillary pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 mm Hg 
B)  17 mm Hg 
C)  25 mm Hg 
D)  35 mm Hg 
A)  5 mm Hg 
B)  17 mm Hg 
C)  25 mm Hg 
D)  35 mm Hg

Question 5

How would left ventricular failure affect renal perfusion and urine output?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal perfusion would decrease but urine output would not be affected 
B)  Renal perfusion and urine output would increase 
C)  Renal perfusion and urine output would decrease 
D)  Renal perfusion would decrease and urine output would increase 
A)  Renal perfusion would decrease but urine output would not be affected 
B)  Renal perfusion and urine output would increase 
C)  Renal perfusion and urine output would decrease 
D)  Renal perfusion would decrease and urine output would increase

Question 6

What effect does an increased K+ level have on the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits ADH secretion from the adrenal cortex 
B)  stimulates increased ADH secretion from the adrenal cortex 
C)  stimulates increased aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex 
D)  inhibits aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex 
A)  inhibits ADH secretion from the adrenal cortex 
B)  stimulates increased ADH secretion from the adrenal cortex 
C)  stimulates increased aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex 
D)  inhibits aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex

Question 7

When the pH of extracellular fluids is acidic, how will the kidneys respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will retain H+ 
B)  They will excrete H+ into the urine. 
C)  The kidneys have no role in H+ regulation. 
D)  They will excrete more HCO3- into the urine 
A)  They will retain H+ 
B)  They will excrete H+ into the urine. 
C)  The kidneys have no role in H+ regulation. 
D)  They will excrete more HCO3- into the urine

Question 8

What changes occur in the renal system when the blood volume increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular pressure rises and the volume of urine produced would increase 
B)  glomerular pressure rises and the volume of urine produced would decrease 
C)  the glomerular pressure falls and the urine production would decrease 
D)  the glomerular pressure falls and the urine production would increase 
A)  glomerular pressure rises and the volume of urine produced would increase 
B)  glomerular pressure rises and the volume of urine produced would decrease 
C)  the glomerular pressure falls and the urine production would decrease 
D)  the glomerular pressure falls and the urine production would increase

Question 9

What is the term for the middle two-thirds of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla 
B)  pelvis 
C)  calcyx 
D)  cortex 
A)  medulla 
B)  pelvis 
C)  calcyx 
D)  cortex

Question 10

What substance regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate 
B)  ADH 
C)  Mg+ 
D)  K+ 
A)  phosphate 
B)  ADH 
C)  Mg+ 
D)  K+

Question 11

Which of the following are predisposing factors to urinary flow obstruction? Calculi
Pregnancy
Infection and inflammation
Prostatic hypertrophy

Accepted Answer

A)  I, III, and IV only 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  I, II, III, and IV 
D)  I and III only 
A)  I, III, and IV only 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  I, II, III, and IV 
D)  I and III only

Question 12

What structure is formed from the interlobular veins?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal vein 
B)  peritubular capillaries 
C)  arcuate vein 
D)  interlobar vein 
A)  renal vein 
B)  peritubular capillaries 
C)  arcuate vein 
D)  interlobar vein

Question 13

Where do the renal arteries and renal veins enter and exit through the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  from the superior portion of the kidneys 
B)  from the posterior portion of the kidneys 
C)  from the inferior portion of the kidneys 
D)  from the hilum 
A)  from the superior portion of the kidneys 
B)  from the posterior portion of the kidneys 
C)  from the inferior portion of the kidneys 
D)  from the hilum

Question 14

Where are the stretch receptors known as volume receptors located?

Accepted Answer

A)  atria of the heart 
B)  bladder 
C)  kidneys 
D)  carotid arteries 
A)  atria of the heart 
B)  bladder 
C)  kidneys 
D)  carotid arteries

Question 15

Cancer of the kidneys accounts for what percent of all cancers?

Accepted Answer

A)  8% 
B)  12% 
C)  1-2% 
D)  5% 
A)  8% 
B)  12% 
C)  1-2% 
D)  5%

Question 16

How does advanced renal failure affect K+ ion and H+ ion levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are decreased 
B)  Both are increased 
C)  H+ is decreased and K+ is increased 
D)  K+ is decreased and H+ is increased 
A)  Both are decreased 
B)  Both are increased 
C)  H+ is decreased and K+ is increased 
D)  K+ is decreased and H+ is increased

Question 17

What is the approximate number of nephrons in an adult kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 million 
B)  1 million 
C)  100,000 
D)  300,000 
A)  3 million 
B)  1 million 
C)  100,000 
D)  300,000

Question 18

Which structures produce and release ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla and pituitary gland 
B)  hypothalamus and pituitary gland 
C)  pituitary gland and adrenal glands 
D)  hypothalamus and adrenal glands 
A)  medulla and pituitary gland 
B)  hypothalamus and pituitary gland 
C)  pituitary gland and adrenal glands 
D)  hypothalamus and adrenal glands

Question 19

What is the approximate osmolality of the juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  1200 mOsm/L 
B)  300 mOsm/L 
C)  150 mOsm/L 
D)  600 mOsm/L 
A)  1200 mOsm/L 
B)  300 mOsm/L 
C)  150 mOsm/L 
D)  600 mOsm/L

Question 20

Congenital disorders, infections, obstructive disorders, inflammation and immune responses, and neoplasms are the most common causes of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  heart failure 
B)  lung failure 
C)  renal failure 
D)  respiratory failure 
A)  heart failure 
B)  lung failure 
C)  renal failure 
D)  respiratory failure

Where does urine formation begin?

Which structures compose the renal corpuscle?

What is the funnel shaped structure formed within the kidney from the expansion of the ureter?

What is the normal systemic capillary pressure?

How would left ventricular failure affect renal perfusion and urine output?

What effect does an increased K+ level have on the adrenal cortex?

When the pH of extracellular fluids is acidic, how will the kidneys respond?

What changes occur in the renal system when the blood volume increases?

What is the term for the middle two-thirds of the kidney?

What substance regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts?

Which of the following are predisposing factors to urinary flow obstruction? Calculi Pregnancy Infection and inflammation Prostatic hypertrophy

What structure is formed from the interlobular veins?

Where do the renal arteries and renal veins enter and exit through the kidneys?

Where are the stretch receptors known as volume receptors located?

Cancer of the kidneys accounts for what percent of all cancers?

How does advanced renal failure affect K+ ion and H+ ion levels?

What is the approximate number of nephrons in an adult kidney?

Which structures produce and release ADH?

What is the approximate osmolality of the juxtamedullary nephrons?

Congenital disorders, infections, obstructive disorders, inflammation and immune responses, and neoplasms are the most common causes of what?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

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Exam 16: Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Where does urine formation begin?

Which structures compose the renal corpuscle?

What is the funnel shaped structure formed within the kidney from the expansion of the ureter?

What is the normal systemic capillary pressure?

How would left ventricular failure affect renal perfusion and urine output?

What effect does an increased K+ level have on the adrenal cortex?

When the pH of extracellular fluids is acidic, how will the kidneys respond?

What changes occur in the renal system when the blood volume increases?

What is the term for the middle two-thirds of the kidney?

What substance regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts?

Which of the following are predisposing factors to urinary flow obstruction? Calculi Pregnancy Infection and inflammation Prostatic hypertrophy

What structure is formed from the interlobular veins?

Where do the renal arteries and renal veins enter and exit through the kidneys?

Where are the stretch receptors known as volume receptors located?

Cancer of the kidneys accounts for what percent of all cancers?

How does advanced renal failure affect K+ ion and H+ ion levels?

What is the approximate number of nephrons in an adult kidney?

Which structures produce and release ADH?

What is the approximate osmolality of the juxtamedullary nephrons?

Congenital disorders, infections, obstructive disorders, inflammation and immune responses, and neoplasms are the most common causes of what?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters