Question 1

After age 20, how much does the FEV1 decrease for males?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 mL/year 
B)  40 mL/year 
C)  30 mL/year 
D)  20 mL/year 
A)  50 mL/year 
B)  40 mL/year 
C)  30 mL/year 
D)  20 mL/year C

Question 2

By age 70, how much does the VC generally decrease?

Accepted Answer

A)  10-20% 
B)  20-30% 
C)  60-70% 
D)  40-50% 
A)  10-20% 
B)  20-30% 
C)  60-70% 
D)  40-50% D

Question 3

With aging, what changes can be expected in the costal cartilages and thoracic compliance?

Accepted Answer

A)  the costal cartilages remain unchanged but the thoracic compliance will decrease 
B)  costal cartilages calcify causing a downward slant of the ribs making the thorax less compliant 
C)  costal cartilages become more compliant causing the thorax to become more compliant 
D)  the costal cartilages remain unchanged but the thoracic compliance increases 
A)  the costal cartilages remain unchanged but the thoracic compliance will decrease 
B)  costal cartilages calcify causing a downward slant of the ribs making the thorax less compliant 
C)  costal cartilages become more compliant causing the thorax to become more compliant 
D)  the costal cartilages remain unchanged but the thoracic compliance increases B

Question 4

Between age 30 and 80, what change occurs in the thickness of the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases by 25% 
B)  It decreases by 50% 
C)  It decreases by 25% 
D)  It increases by 50% 
A)  It increases by 25% 
B)  It decreases by 50% 
C)  It decreases by 25% 
D)  It increases by 50%

Question 5

By what amount does the cardiac output decrease after age 20?

Accepted Answer

A)  It decreases 2% per year 
B)  It decreases 4% per year 
C)  It decreases 3% per year 
D)  It decreases 1% per year 
A)  It decreases 2% per year 
B)  It decreases 4% per year 
C)  It decreases 3% per year 
D)  It decreases 1% per year

Question 6

How is the ventilatory response to hypoxia affected in healthy men over age 65?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is decreased 20% 
B)  It is decreased 10% 
C)  It is decreased 40% 
D)  It is decreased >50% 
A)  It is decreased 20% 
B)  It is decreased 10% 
C)  It is decreased 40% 
D)  It is decreased >50%

Question 7

During exertion, how does the body compensate for the decreased compliance of the respiratory system associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the tidal volume 
B)  increase the tidal volume 
C)  increase the respiratory frequency 
D)  decrease the respiratory frequency 
A)  decrease the tidal volume 
B)  increase the tidal volume 
C)  increase the respiratory frequency 
D)  decrease the respiratory frequency

Question 8

How does the work expenditure of a 60-year-old to overcome static mechanical forces during normal breathing compare to that of a 20-year-old?

Accepted Answer

A)  The work expenditure of the 60-year-old is only 80% of that of the 20-year-old 
B)  The work expenditure of the 60-year-old is 20% higher than the work expenditure of the 20-year-old 
C)  The work expenditure of the 60-year-old is 200% greater than that of the 20-year-old 
D)  The work expenditure is approximately equal 
A)  The work expenditure of the 60-year-old is only 80% of that of the 20-year-old 
B)  The work expenditure of the 60-year-old is 20% higher than the work expenditure of the 20-year-old 
C)  The work expenditure of the 60-year-old is 200% greater than that of the 20-year-old 
D)  The work expenditure is approximately equal

Question 9

What changes would be expected in RV, VC and TLC with aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  VC and TLC will decrease while RV remains constant 
B)  RV and TLC will increase while VC will decrease 
C)  RV will increase, VC will decrease, and TLC will remain constant 
D)  RV will decrease, VC and TLC will remain constant 
A)  VC and TLC will decrease while RV remains constant 
B)  RV and TLC will increase while VC will decrease 
C)  RV will increase, VC will decrease, and TLC will remain constant 
D)  RV will decrease, VC and TLC will remain constant

Question 10

With aging, what changes are seen in the elastic recoil and compliance of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  elastic recoil decreases and lung compliance increases 
B)  elastic recoil increase and lung compliance decreases 
C)  both will decrease 
D)  both will increase 
A)  elastic recoil decreases and lung compliance increases 
B)  elastic recoil increase and lung compliance decreases 
C)  both will decrease 
D)  both will increase

Question 11

What changes can be expected in arterial venous oxygen content difference C(a-v)O2 with aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  It decreases with age 
B)  It remains constant until age 30 then increases 
C)  It remains constant until age 60 then increases 
D)  It is not affected by aging 
A)  It decreases with age 
B)  It remains constant until age 30 then increases 
C)  It remains constant until age 60 then increases 
D)  It is not affected by aging

Question 12

Which of the following factors may predispose the elderly to anemia?
I. Replacement of red bone marrow in long bones with fatty marrow
II. GI atrophy
III. GI bleeding
Iv. Insufficient income to purchase nutritious food

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  II and III only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  II and III only

Question 13

In women, how much does the VC decrease per year?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 mL/year 
B)  50 mL/year 
C)  20 mL/year 
D)  40 mL/year 
A)  10 mL/year 
B)  50 mL/year 
C)  20 mL/year 
D)  40 mL/year

Question 14

In the elderly, what effect does regular exercise have on resting heart rate, bone density, and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart rate and blood pressure will decrease; bone density will increase 
B)  All three parameters will increase 
C)  All three parameters will decrease 
D)  Heart rate will remain stable; bone density will increase, and blood pressure will decrease 
A)  Heart rate and blood pressure will decrease; bone density will increase 
B)  All three parameters will increase 
C)  All three parameters will decrease 
D)  Heart rate will remain stable; bone density will increase, and blood pressure will decrease

Question 15

What effect does aging have on PaCO2 in the healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  It decreases until age 75 then levels off. 
B)  It increases 2 mmHg per year after age 45 
C)  It decreases 2 mmHg per year after age 45 
D)  PaCO2 remains constant throughout adult life 
A)  It decreases until age 75 then levels off. 
B)  It increases 2 mmHg per year after age 45 
C)  It decreases 2 mmHg per year after age 45 
D)  PaCO2 remains constant throughout adult life

Question 16

What change in DLCO is expected over the course of adult life?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will decrease by 5% 
B)  It will decrease by 40% 
C)  It will decrease by 20% 
D)  It will decrease by 30% 
A)  It will decrease by 5% 
B)  It will decrease by 40% 
C)  It will decrease by 20% 
D)  It will decrease by 30%

Question 17

By age 60, what is the approximate value for the RV/TLC ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  35% 
C)  65% 
D)  50% 
A)  20% 
B)  35% 
C)  65% 
D)  50%

Question 18

How is aerobic capacity affected by age?

Accepted Answer

A)  It decreases 20% between age 20 and 80 
B)  It remains constant between age 20 and 80 
C)  It decreases 1% per year 
D)  It decreases 50% between age 20 and 80 
A)  It decreases 20% between age 20 and 80 
B)  It remains constant between age 20 and 80 
C)  It decreases 1% per year 
D)  It decreases 50% between age 20 and 80

Question 19

What percentage of the elderly population is affected by a decreased cough reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  10% 
C)  70% 
D)  50% 
A)  30% 
B)  10% 
C)  70% 
D)  50%

Question 20

By what percent does the maximal oxygen uptake change between age 20 and age 60?

Accepted Answer

A)  It decrease by 70% 
B)  It increases by 35% 
C)  It increases by 70% 
D)  It decreases by 35% 
A)  It decrease by 70% 
B)  It increases by 35% 
C)  It increases by 70% 
D)  It decreases by 35%

After age 20, how much does the FEV₁ decrease for males?

By age 70, how much does the VC generally decrease?

With aging, what changes can be expected in the costal cartilages and thoracic compliance?

Between age 30 and 80, what change occurs in the thickness of the left ventricle?

By what amount does the cardiac output decrease after age 20?

How is the ventilatory response to hypoxia affected in healthy men over age 65?

During exertion, how does the body compensate for the decreased compliance of the respiratory system associated with aging?

How does the work expenditure of a 60-year-old to overcome static mechanical forces during normal breathing compare to that of a 20-year-old?

What changes would be expected in RV, VC and TLC with aging?

With aging, what changes are seen in the elastic recoil and compliance of the lungs?

What changes can be expected in arterial venous oxygen content difference C(a-v)O₂ with aging?

Which of the following factors may predispose the elderly to anemia? I. Replacement of red bone marrow in long bones with fatty marrow II. GI atrophy III. GI bleeding Iv. Insufficient income to purchase nutritious food

In women, how much does the VC decrease per year?

In the elderly, what effect does regular exercise have on resting heart rate, bone density, and blood pressure?

What effect does aging have on PaCO₂ in the healthy adult?

What change in D_LCO is expected over the course of adult life?

By age 60, what is the approximate value for the RV/TLC ratio?

How is aerobic capacity affected by age?

What percentage of the elderly population is affected by a decreased cough reflex?

By what percent does the maximal oxygen uptake change between age 20 and age 60?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 11: Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

After age 20, how much does the FEV1 decrease for males?

By age 70, how much does the VC generally decrease?

With aging, what changes can be expected in the costal cartilages and thoracic compliance?

Between age 30 and 80, what change occurs in the thickness of the left ventricle?

By what amount does the cardiac output decrease after age 20?

How is the ventilatory response to hypoxia affected in healthy men over age 65?

During exertion, how does the body compensate for the decreased compliance of the respiratory system associated with aging?

How does the work expenditure of a 60-year-old to overcome static mechanical forces during normal breathing compare to that of a 20-year-old?

What changes would be expected in RV, VC and TLC with aging?

With aging, what changes are seen in the elastic recoil and compliance of the lungs?

What changes can be expected in arterial venous oxygen content difference C(a-v)O2 with aging?

Which of the following factors may predispose the elderly to anemia? I. Replacement of red bone marrow in long bones with fatty marrow II. GI atrophy III. GI bleeding Iv. Insufficient income to purchase nutritious food

In women, how much does the VC decrease per year?

In the elderly, what effect does regular exercise have on resting heart rate, bone density, and blood pressure?

What effect does aging have on PaCO2 in the healthy adult?

What change in DLCO is expected over the course of adult life?

By age 60, what is the approximate value for the RV/TLC ratio?

How is aerobic capacity affected by age?

What percentage of the elderly population is affected by a decreased cough reflex?

By what percent does the maximal oxygen uptake change between age 20 and age 60?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

After age 20, how much does the FEV₁ decrease for males?

What changes can be expected in arterial venous oxygen content difference C(a-v)O₂ with aging?

What effect does aging have on PaCO₂ in the healthy adult?

What change in D_LCO is expected over the course of adult life?