Question 1

What is the term for the body's compensatory responses to relocation to a high altitude from seal level?

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  acclimatization 
D)  adjustment 
A)  adaptation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  acclimatization 
D)  adjustment C

Question 2

What is the blood's adaptive response to low oxygen levels resulting from residing at high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  megacythemia 
B)  leukocytosis 
C)  polycythemia 
D)  anemia 
A)  megacythemia 
B)  leukocytosis 
C)  polycythemia 
D)  anemia C

Question 3

Following ascent by lowlanders to high altitudes, when do symptoms of acute mountain sickness normally appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  1-6 hours 
B)  24-36 hours 
C)  12-24 hours 
D)  6-12 hours 
A)  1-6 hours 
B)  24-36 hours 
C)  12-24 hours 
D)  6-12 hours D

Question 4

The hypoxic ventilator response (HVR) works to minimize the drop in what levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  RBC levels 
B)  alveolar PaO2 
C)  CO2 
D)  PO2 
A)  RBC levels 
B)  alveolar PaO2 
C)  CO2 
D)  PO2

Question 5

Which receptors are stimulated by the drop in PaO2 that occurs when lowlanders travel to high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  proprioceptors 
B)  central chemoreceptors 
C)  peripheral chemoreceptors 
D)  baroreceptors 
A)  proprioceptors 
B)  central chemoreceptors 
C)  peripheral chemoreceptors 
D)  baroreceptors

Question 6

What cardiac change is associated with Monge's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  right ventricular hypertrophy 
B)  aortic valve stenosis 
C)  left ventricular hypertrophy 
D)  mitral valve stenosis 
A)  right ventricular hypertrophy 
B)  aortic valve stenosis 
C)  left ventricular hypertrophy 
D)  mitral valve stenosis

Question 7

After what duration at a high altitude will the peripheral chemoreceptors acclimate to the lower PO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  48-72 hours 
B)  They do not acclimate to a decreased PaO2 
C)  24-48 hours 
D)  12-24 hours 
A)  48-72 hours 
B)  They do not acclimate to a decreased PaO2 
C)  24-48 hours 
D)  12-24 hours

Question 8

For what duration do adaptive changes occur in the blood after ascent to high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 weeks 
B)  48-72 hours 
C)  12-24 hours 
D)  1 week 
A)  6 weeks 
B)  48-72 hours 
C)  12-24 hours 
D)  1 week

Question 9

To derive physiologic benefits from altitude training, athletes can use what resource?

Accepted Answer

A)  high-altitude lodging 
B)  hypobaric chambers 
C)  sleep deprivation 
D)  helicopter flights 
A)  high-altitude lodging 
B)  hypobaric chambers 
C)  sleep deprivation 
D)  helicopter flights

Question 10

How do the VCs lowlanders who ascend to high altitudes compared to those born and raised at high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  After 2-3 days, the VCs are the same size 
B)  The VCs of native high altitude residents remain larger 
C)  After 2-3 months, the VCs are the same size 
D)  After 2-3 weeks, the VCs are the same size 
A)  After 2-3 days, the VCs are the same size 
B)  The VCs of native high altitude residents remain larger 
C)  After 2-3 months, the VCs are the same size 
D)  After 2-3 weeks, the VCs are the same size

Question 11

Which of the following are true regarding high altitude natives compared to lowlanders? 
I. Natives have a lower P(A-a)O2
II. Natives have an increased DLCO
III. Natives have a lower PaO2 at rest and exercise

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I and II only 
D)  II only 
A)  I only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I and II only 
D)  II only

Question 12

What would the PIO2 equal at the summit of Mount Everest where the PB is 253 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A)  43 mm Hg 
B)  159 mm Hg 
C)  79 mm Hg 
D)  100 mm Hg 
A)  43 mm Hg 
B)  159 mm Hg 
C)  79 mm Hg 
D)  100 mm Hg

Question 13

How is cardiac output and oxygen uptake affected by prolonged exposure to high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are slightly decreased 
B)  Both are the same as at sea level 
C)  Both are increased 
D)  Cardiac output is increased but oxygen uptake is the same as at sea level 
A)  Both are slightly decreased 
B)  Both are the same as at sea level 
C)  Both are increased 
D)  Cardiac output is increased but oxygen uptake is the same as at sea level

Question 14

What is the best treatment for high altitude pulmonary edema?

Accepted Answer

A)  rest and IV fluids 
B)  rapid descent and oxygen therapy 
C)  oxygen therapy and rest 
D)  IV fluids and oxygen therapy 
A)  rest and IV fluids 
B)  rapid descent and oxygen therapy 
C)  oxygen therapy and rest 
D)  IV fluids and oxygen therapy

Question 15

What of the following primarily controls the phenomenon of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

A)  central chemoreceptors 
B)  PAO2 
C)  PaO2 
D)  baroreceptors 
A)  central chemoreceptors 
B)  PAO2 
C)  PaO2 
D)  baroreceptors

Question 16

Which breathing pattern is often initially seen in lowlanders who ascend to high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biot's 
B)  Kussmaul's 
C)  Cheyne-Stokes 
D)  apneusis 
A)  Biot's 
B)  Kussmaul's 
C)  Cheyne-Stokes 
D)  apneusis

Question 17

What is the most prevalent acid-base abnormality among natives at high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  mild respiratory acidosis 
B)  mild respiratory alkalosis 
C)  mild metabolic acidosis 
D)  mild metabolic alkalosis 
A)  mild respiratory acidosis 
B)  mild respiratory alkalosis 
C)  mild metabolic acidosis 
D)  mild metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

What changes will occur in the VC and PEFR within 24 hours of ascent to a high altitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  VC will decrease and PEFR will increase 
B)  PEFR will decrease and VC will increase 
C)  both will decrease 
D)  both will increase 
A)  VC will decrease and PEFR will increase 
B)  PEFR will decrease and VC will increase 
C)  both will decrease 
D)  both will increase

Question 19

In high altitude natives, where are high concentrations of myoglobin located?
I.  Diaphragm
II. Myocardium
III. Pectoral muscles
IV. Adductor leg muscles

Accepted Answer

A)  II only 
B)  I only 
C)  I, II, III, and IV 
D)  I and II only 
A)  II only 
B)  I only 
C)  I, II, III, and IV 
D)  I and II only

Question 20

Which abnormality is characterized by photophobia, ataxia, hallucinations, and clouding of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monge's disease 
B)  high altitude pulmonary edema 
C)  acute mountain sickness 
D)  high altitude cerebral edema 
A)  Monge's disease 
B)  high altitude pulmonary edema 
C)  acute mountain sickness 
D)  high altitude cerebral edema

What is the term for the body's compensatory responses to relocation to a high altitude from seal level?

What is the blood's adaptive response to low oxygen levels resulting from residing at high altitudes?

Following ascent by lowlanders to high altitudes, when do symptoms of acute mountain sickness normally appear?

The hypoxic ventilator response (HVR) works to minimize the drop in what levels?

Which receptors are stimulated by the drop in PaO₂ that occurs when lowlanders travel to high altitudes?

What cardiac change is associated with Monge's disease?

After what duration at a high altitude will the peripheral chemoreceptors acclimate to the lower PO₂?

For what duration do adaptive changes occur in the blood after ascent to high altitudes?

To derive physiologic benefits from altitude training, athletes can use what resource?

How do the VCs lowlanders who ascend to high altitudes compared to those born and raised at high altitudes?

Which of the following are true regarding high altitude natives compared to lowlanders? I. Natives have a lower P(A-a)O₂ II. Natives have an increased DLCO III. Natives have a lower PaO₂ at rest and exercise

What would the P_IO₂ equal at the summit of Mount Everest where the P_B is 253 mm Hg?

How is cardiac output and oxygen uptake affected by prolonged exposure to high altitudes?

What is the best treatment for high altitude pulmonary edema?

What of the following primarily controls the phenomenon of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction?

Which breathing pattern is often initially seen in lowlanders who ascend to high altitudes?

What is the most prevalent acid-base abnormality among natives at high altitudes?

What changes will occur in the VC and PEFR within 24 hours of ascent to a high altitude?

In high altitude natives, where are high concentrations of myoglobin located? I. Diaphragm II. Myocardium III. Pectoral muscles IV. Adductor leg muscles

Which abnormality is characterized by photophobia, ataxia, hallucinations, and clouding of consciousness?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 19: High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

What is the term for the body's compensatory responses to relocation to a high altitude from seal level?

What is the blood's adaptive response to low oxygen levels resulting from residing at high altitudes?

Following ascent by lowlanders to high altitudes, when do symptoms of acute mountain sickness normally appear?

The hypoxic ventilator response (HVR) works to minimize the drop in what levels?

Which receptors are stimulated by the drop in PaO2 that occurs when lowlanders travel to high altitudes?

What cardiac change is associated with Monge's disease?

After what duration at a high altitude will the peripheral chemoreceptors acclimate to the lower PO2?

For what duration do adaptive changes occur in the blood after ascent to high altitudes?

To derive physiologic benefits from altitude training, athletes can use what resource?

How do the VCs lowlanders who ascend to high altitudes compared to those born and raised at high altitudes?

Which of the following are true regarding high altitude natives compared to lowlanders? I. Natives have a lower P(A-a)O2 II. Natives have an increased DLCO III. Natives have a lower PaO2 at rest and exercise

What would the PIO2 equal at the summit of Mount Everest where the PB is 253 mm Hg?

How is cardiac output and oxygen uptake affected by prolonged exposure to high altitudes?

What is the best treatment for high altitude pulmonary edema?

What of the following primarily controls the phenomenon of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction?

Which breathing pattern is often initially seen in lowlanders who ascend to high altitudes?

What is the most prevalent acid-base abnormality among natives at high altitudes?

What changes will occur in the VC and PEFR within 24 hours of ascent to a high altitude?

In high altitude natives, where are high concentrations of myoglobin located? I. Diaphragm II. Myocardium III. Pectoral muscles IV. Adductor leg muscles

Which abnormality is characterized by photophobia, ataxia, hallucinations, and clouding of consciousness?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Which receptors are stimulated by the drop in PaO₂ that occurs when lowlanders travel to high altitudes?

After what duration at a high altitude will the peripheral chemoreceptors acclimate to the lower PO₂?

Which of the following are true regarding high altitude natives compared to lowlanders? I. Natives have a lower P(A-a)O₂ II. Natives have an increased DLCO III. Natives have a lower PaO₂ at rest and exercise

What would the P_IO₂ equal at the summit of Mount Everest where the P_B is 253 mm Hg?