Question 1

What changes would be expected in the ventilation-perfusion ratio in the presence of excessive blood loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ventilation-perfusion ratio initially decreases will increase then will decrease dramatically. 
B)  The ventilation-perfusion ratio will increase. 
C)  The ventilation-perfusion ratio will decrease. 
D)  The ventilation-perfusion ratio will remain constant. 
A)  The ventilation-perfusion ratio initially decreases will increase then will decrease dramatically. 
B)  The ventilation-perfusion ratio will increase. 
C)  The ventilation-perfusion ratio will decrease. 
D)  The ventilation-perfusion ratio will remain constant. B

Question 2

What effect does a reduced ventilation perfusion ratio have on end-capillary PO2 and PCO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  end capillary PO2 will decrease and end capillary PCO2 will increase 
B)  end capillary PO2 will increase and end capillary PCO2 will decrease 
C)  end capillary PO2 and PCO2 will both decrease 
D)  end capillary PO2 will decrease while end capillary PCO2 will remain constant 
A)  end capillary PO2 will decrease and end capillary PCO2 will increase 
B)  end capillary PO2 will increase and end capillary PCO2 will decrease 
C)  end capillary PO2 and PCO2 will both decrease 
D)  end capillary PO2 will decrease while end capillary PCO2 will remain constant A

Question 3

In the upright position, which region of the right lung would have the lowest ventilation-perfusion ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  middle lobe 
B)  lower lobe 
C)  hilum 
D)  upper lobe 
A)  middle lobe 
B)  lower lobe 
C)  hilum 
D)  upper lobe B

Question 4

Which of the following will result in a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio?
I. Asthma
II. Emphysema
III. Pulmonary fibrosis
IV. Pulmonary emboli

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III only 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  1, II, III, and IV 
D)  II, III, and IV only 
A)  I, II, and III only 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  1, II, III, and IV 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 5

What is the normal value for ETCO2 in a healthy young adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  5% 
B)  8% 
C)  15% 
D)  18% 
A)  5% 
B)  8% 
C)  15% 
D)  18%

Question 6

Which waveform on a capnogram is characteristic of bronchospasm that occurs during a severe asthmatic episode?

Accepted Answer

A)  shark-fin 
B)  square wave 
C)  sawtooth 
D)  sine wave 
A)  shark-fin 
B)  square wave 
C)  sawtooth 
D)  sine wave

Question 7

What is the term for the quantity of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in one minute during external respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory exchange ratio 
B)  ventilation perfusion ratio 
C)  end tidal CO2: O2 
D)  respiratory quotient 
A)  respiratory exchange ratio 
B)  ventilation perfusion ratio 
C)  end tidal CO2: O2 
D)  respiratory quotient

Question 8

What would the ventilation-perfusion ratio equal if the pulmonary blood flow is 5.4 L/min and the alveolar tidal volume is 350 mL, and the respiratory rate is 12/min?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.54 
B)  0.85 
C)  0.66 
D)  0.78 
A)  0.54 
B)  0.85 
C)  0.66 
D)  0.78

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true regarding a capnogram? ?
I. It is a direct measurement of PCO2 eliminated by the lungs.
II. It is an indirect measurement of PCO2 eliminated by the lungs.
III. It is an indirect measurement of PvCO2.
IV. It is a direct measurement of PaCO2.

Accepted Answer

A)  II and IV only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  I and IV only 
A)  II and IV only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  I and IV only

Question 10

Following emergency endotracheal intubation, what would an ETCO2 of zero indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  right mainstem placement 
B)  left mainstem placement 
C)  correct endotracheal placement 
D)  esophageal tube placement 
A)  right mainstem placement 
B)  left mainstem placement 
C)  correct endotracheal placement 
D)  esophageal tube placement

Question 11

When a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio occurs, which of the following changes will occur? ?
I. PAO2  will increase
II. PAO2  will decrease
III. PACO2  will increase
IV. PACO2  will decrease
V. pH will decrease

Accepted Answer

A)  1, III, and V only 
B)  II ,III, and V only 
C)  II and IV only 
D)  I, IV, and V only 
A)  1, III, and V only 
B)  II ,III, and V only 
C)  II and IV only 
D)  I, IV, and V only

Question 12

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ETCO2?
I. Seizures
II. Hyperthermia
III. Hemorrhage
IV. Pulmonary emboli

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  II, III, and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, and III only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  II, III, and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, and III only

Question 13

What does the overall ventilation perfusion ratio equal in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.8 
B)  0.25 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.6 
A)  0.8 
B)  0.25 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.6

Question 14

What is the term for the relationship between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary capillary blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory rate 
B)  respiratory exchange ratio 
C)  ventilation-perfusion ratio 
D)  respiratory quotient 
A)  respiratory rate 
B)  respiratory exchange ratio 
C)  ventilation-perfusion ratio 
D)  respiratory quotient

Question 15

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ventilation-perfusion ratio?
I. Pulmonary emboli
II. Pulmonary Hypertension
III. Pneumothorax
IV. Cardiac arrest

Accepted Answer

A)  II, III, and IV only 
B)  I. II, and III only 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  I, and III only 
A)  II, III, and IV only 
B)  I. II, and III only 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  I, and III only

Question 16

What effect would upper airway obstruction have on ventilation-perfusion ratio, PAO2  and PACO2 ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The V/Q ratio and PACO2  will decrease and PAO2  will increase. 
B)  The V/Q ratio and PAO2  will decrease and PACO2  will increase. 
C)  The V/Q ratio and PAO2  will increase and PACO2  will decrease. 
D)  The V/Q ratio and PACO2  will increase and PAO2 will decrease. 
A)  The V/Q ratio and PACO2  will decrease and PAO2  will increase. 
B)  The V/Q ratio and PAO2  will decrease and PACO2  will increase. 
C)  The V/Q ratio and PAO2  will increase and PACO2  will decrease. 
D)  The V/Q ratio and PACO2  will increase and PAO2 will decrease.

Question 17

Under normal circumstances, what volume of oxygen is consumed by the tissues during one minute of internal respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  150 mL 
B)  250 mL 
C)  200 mL 
D)  400 mL 
A)  150 mL 
B)  250 mL 
C)  200 mL 
D)  400 mL

Question 18

What can cause an increased ventilation-perfusion ratio to develop? ?
I. increase in ventilation
II. decrease in ventilation
III. decrease in perfusion
IV. increase in perfusion

Accepted Answer

A)  I and IV only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I only 
D)  I and III only 
A)  I and IV only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  I only 
D)  I and III only

Question 19

What would the ventilation-perfusion ratio equal if pulmonary capillary blood flow equals 4 L/min and the minute alveolar ventilation equals 5 L/min?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.25 
B)  0.66 
C)  1.0 
D)  0.8 
A)  1.25 
B)  0.66 
C)  1.0 
D)  0.8

Question 20

What would the RQ equal if the volume of CO2 produced was 220 mL/min and the volume of O2 consumed was 300 mL/min?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.73 
B)  0.88 
C)  0.66 
D)  1.36 
A)  0.73 
B)  0.88 
C)  0.66 
D)  1.36

What changes would be expected in the ventilation-perfusion ratio in the presence of excessive blood loss?

What effect does a reduced ventilation perfusion ratio have on end-capillary PO₂ and PCO₂?

In the upright position, which region of the right lung would have the lowest ventilation-perfusion ratio?

Which of the following will result in a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio? I. Asthma II. Emphysema III. Pulmonary fibrosis IV. Pulmonary emboli

What is the normal value for ETCO₂ in a healthy young adult?

Which waveform on a capnogram is characteristic of bronchospasm that occurs during a severe asthmatic episode?

What is the term for the quantity of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in one minute during external respiration?

What would the ventilation-perfusion ratio equal if the pulmonary blood flow is 5.4 L/min and the alveolar tidal volume is 350 mL, and the respiratory rate is 12/min?

Which of the following statements are true regarding a capnogram? ? I. It is a direct measurement of PCO₂ eliminated by the lungs. II. It is an indirect measurement of PCO₂ eliminated by the lungs. III. It is an indirect measurement of PvCO₂. IV. It is a direct measurement of PaCO₂.

Following emergency endotracheal intubation, what would an ETCO₂ of zero indicate?

When a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio occurs, which of the following changes will occur? ? I. PAO₂ will increase II. PAO₂ will decrease III. PACO₂ will increase IV. PACO₂ will decrease V. pH will decrease

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ETCO₂? I. Seizures II. Hyperthermia III. Hemorrhage IV. Pulmonary emboli

What does the overall ventilation perfusion ratio equal in a healthy adult?

What is the term for the relationship between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary capillary blood flow?

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ventilation-perfusion ratio? I. Pulmonary emboli II. Pulmonary Hypertension III. Pneumothorax IV. Cardiac arrest

What effect would upper airway obstruction have on ventilation-perfusion ratio, PAO₂ and PACO₂ ?

Under normal circumstances, what volume of oxygen is consumed by the tissues during one minute of internal respiration?

What can cause an increased ventilation-perfusion ratio to develop? ? I. increase in ventilation II. decrease in ventilation III. decrease in perfusion IV. increase in perfusion

What would the ventilation-perfusion ratio equal if pulmonary capillary blood flow equals 4 L/min and the minute alveolar ventilation equals 5 L/min?

What would the RQ equal if the volume of CO₂ produced was 220 mL/min and the volume of O₂ consumed was 300 mL/min?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 8: Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

What changes would be expected in the ventilation-perfusion ratio in the presence of excessive blood loss?

What effect does a reduced ventilation perfusion ratio have on end-capillary PO2 and PCO2?

In the upright position, which region of the right lung would have the lowest ventilation-perfusion ratio?

Which of the following will result in a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio? I. Asthma II. Emphysema III. Pulmonary fibrosis IV. Pulmonary emboli

What is the normal value for ETCO2 in a healthy young adult?

Which waveform on a capnogram is characteristic of bronchospasm that occurs during a severe asthmatic episode?

What is the term for the quantity of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in one minute during external respiration?

What would the ventilation-perfusion ratio equal if the pulmonary blood flow is 5.4 L/min and the alveolar tidal volume is 350 mL, and the respiratory rate is 12/min?

Which of the following statements are true regarding a capnogram? ? I. It is a direct measurement of PCO2 eliminated by the lungs. II. It is an indirect measurement of PCO2 eliminated by the lungs. III. It is an indirect measurement of PvCO2. IV. It is a direct measurement of PaCO2.

Following emergency endotracheal intubation, what would an ETCO2 of zero indicate?

When a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio occurs, which of the following changes will occur? ? I. PAO2 will increase II. PAO2 will decrease III. PACO2 will increase IV. PACO2 will decrease V. pH will decrease

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ETCO2? I. Seizures II. Hyperthermia III. Hemorrhage IV. Pulmonary emboli

What does the overall ventilation perfusion ratio equal in a healthy adult?

What is the term for the relationship between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary capillary blood flow?

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ventilation-perfusion ratio? I. Pulmonary emboli II. Pulmonary Hypertension III. Pneumothorax IV. Cardiac arrest

What effect would upper airway obstruction have on ventilation-perfusion ratio, PAO2 and PACO2 ?

Under normal circumstances, what volume of oxygen is consumed by the tissues during one minute of internal respiration?

What can cause an increased ventilation-perfusion ratio to develop? ? I. increase in ventilation II. decrease in ventilation III. decrease in perfusion IV. increase in perfusion

What would the ventilation-perfusion ratio equal if pulmonary capillary blood flow equals 4 L/min and the minute alveolar ventilation equals 5 L/min?

What would the RQ equal if the volume of CO2 produced was 220 mL/min and the volume of O2 consumed was 300 mL/min?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

What effect does a reduced ventilation perfusion ratio have on end-capillary PO₂ and PCO₂?

What is the normal value for ETCO₂ in a healthy young adult?

Which of the following statements are true regarding a capnogram? ? I. It is a direct measurement of PCO₂ eliminated by the lungs. II. It is an indirect measurement of PCO₂ eliminated by the lungs. III. It is an indirect measurement of PvCO₂. IV. It is a direct measurement of PaCO₂.

Following emergency endotracheal intubation, what would an ETCO₂ of zero indicate?

When a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio occurs, which of the following changes will occur? ? I. PAO₂ will increase II. PAO₂ will decrease III. PACO₂ will increase IV. PACO₂ will decrease V. pH will decrease

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ETCO₂? I. Seizures II. Hyperthermia III. Hemorrhage IV. Pulmonary emboli

What effect would upper airway obstruction have on ventilation-perfusion ratio, PAO₂ and PACO₂ ?

What would the RQ equal if the volume of CO₂ produced was 220 mL/min and the volume of O₂ consumed was 300 mL/min?