Question 1

Which system has up to two times the buffering power of all of the chemical buffering systems combined?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal system 
B)  hepatic buffering system 
C)  respiratory system 
D)  gastric buffering system 
A)  renal system 
B)  hepatic buffering system 
C)  respiratory system 
D)  gastric buffering system C

Question 2

What is the normal range for pH of arterial blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  7.35-7.45 
B)  7.20-7.30 
C)  7.30-7.40 
D)  7.45-7.55 
A)  7.35-7.45 
B)  7.20-7.30 
C)  7.30-7.40 
D)  7.45-7.55 A

Question 3

Which of the following are common causes of acute alveolar hyperventilation?
I. Hypoxia
II. Brain inflammation
III. Stimulant drugs
IV. Pain, anxiety, and fear

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II and III only 
B)  II, III, and IV only 
C)  I , II, III, and IV 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  I, II and III only 
B)  II, III, and IV only 
C)  I , II, III, and IV 
D)  I, II, and III C

Question 4

What does an arterial pH of 7.48 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  normal pH 
B)  insufficient information to assess 
C)  alkalosis or aklalemia 
D)  acidosis or acidemia 
A)  normal pH 
B)  insufficient information to assess 
C)  alkalosis or aklalemia 
D)  acidosis or acidemia

Question 5

What is the interpretation of the acid base status for the following ABG: pH 7.08. PaCO2 75 mmHg, HCO3- 20 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  acute metabolic acidosis 
C)  acute respiratory acidosis 
D)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  acute metabolic acidosis 
C)  acute respiratory acidosis 
D)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

Question 6

What is the body's most abundant and influential buffering system?

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatic buffering system 
B)  phosphate buffer system 
C)  carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system 
D)  protein buffer system 
A)  hepatic buffering system 
B)  phosphate buffer system 
C)  carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system 
D)  protein buffer system

Question 7

What is the term for the situation that exists when the volume of CO2 eliminated from the lungs is less than the volume of CO2 produced at the tissue cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoventilation 
B)  hyperperfusion 
C)  hyperventilation 
D)  hypoperfusion 
A)  hypoventilation 
B)  hyperperfusion 
C)  hyperventilation 
D)  hypoperfusion

Question 8

How many minutes does it take for the respiratory system to offset acidosis or alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  1-3 minutes 
B)  2-4 minutes 
C)  6-8 minutes 
D)  3-5 minutes 
A)  1-3 minutes 
B)  2-4 minutes 
C)  6-8 minutes 
D)  3-5 minutes

Question 9

Which acid base abnormality is present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.63, PaCO2 of 27 mmHg, and HCO3- of 31 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

A)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
A)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis

Question 10

Which of the following conditions are associated with chronic ventilatory failure?
I. COPD
II. Histoplasmosis
III. Kyphoscoliosis
IV. Chronic tuberculosis

Accepted Answer

A)  I and IV only 
B)  I, II, and III only 
C)  I, II, III, and IV 
D)  I only 
A)  I and IV only 
B)  I, II, and III only 
C)  I, II, III, and IV 
D)  I only

Question 11

What is the first line of defense in acid-base regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory system 
B)  hepatic system 
C)  chemical buffer system 
D)  renal system 
A)  respiratory system 
B)  hepatic system 
C)  chemical buffer system 
D)  renal system

Question 12

Which acid-base abnormality would be present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.52, PaCO2 42, and HCO3- of 30 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory alkalosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  combined respiratory and metabolic alkalosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis 
A)  respiratory alkalosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  combined respiratory and metabolic alkalosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis

Question 13

Compared to the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system in extracellular fluid, how effective is the phosphate buffering system?

Accepted Answer

A)  about twice as effective 
B)  about 6 times more effective 
C)  about one-sixth as effective 
D)  about half as effective 
A)  about twice as effective 
B)  about 6 times more effective 
C)  about one-sixth as effective 
D)  about half as effective

Question 14

Why does a patient with CO poisoning have cherry red skin coloring instead of cyanosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO poisons the hemoglobin and chemical alters the erythrocyte making it incapable of carrying oxygen. The red color is due to compensatory polycythemia which occurs immediately. 
B)  CO causes the hemoglobin molecule to break apart. The red coloration is from the hemoglobin fragments under the skin 
C)  Patients with CO poisoning hyperventilate so the red coloration is due to the increased WOB 
D)  CO rapidly fills sites on the hemoglobin where oxygen normally attaches. The high level of carboxyhemoglobin and saturated hemoglobin results in the red coloration 
A)  CO poisons the hemoglobin and chemical alters the erythrocyte making it incapable of carrying oxygen. The red color is due to compensatory polycythemia which occurs immediately. 
B)  CO causes the hemoglobin molecule to break apart. The red coloration is from the hemoglobin fragments under the skin 
C)  Patients with CO poisoning hyperventilate so the red coloration is due to the increased WOB 
D)  CO rapidly fills sites on the hemoglobin where oxygen normally attaches. The high level of carboxyhemoglobin and saturated hemoglobin results in the red coloration

Question 15

Which of the following are examples of weak acids?
I. Acetic acid
II. Hydrochloric acid
III. Carbonic acid

Accepted Answer

A)  II only 
B)  I and III only. 
C)  I and III only 
D)  I and III only . 
A)  II only 
B)  I and III only. 
C)  I and III only 
D)  I and III only .

Question 16

Which acid base abnormality is present if the base excess is calculated to be -9 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis 
B)  respiratory alkalosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  metabolic alkalosis 
A)  respiratory acidosis 
B)  respiratory alkalosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  metabolic alkalosis

Question 17

Which of the following can cause acute ventilatory failure?
I. Guillian-Barre syndrome
II. General anesthesia
III. Head trauma
IV. Myasthenia gravis

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I and IV only 
A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I and IV only

Question 18

What is the normal pH range for venous blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  7.30-7.40 
B)  7.25-7.35 
C)  7.35-7.45 
D)  7.40-7.50 
A)  7.30-7.40 
B)  7.25-7.35 
C)  7.35-7.45 
D)  7.40-7.50

Question 19

When acute ventilatory failure with complete partial renal compensation is present, which of the following would be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal range 
B)  PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 above normal range 
C)  PCO2 above normal, pH within normal range, HCO3 below normal range 
D)  PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal range 
A)  PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal range 
B)  PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 above normal range 
C)  PCO2 above normal, pH within normal range, HCO3 below normal range 
D)  PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal range

Question 20

What acid base abnormality would be expected in third trimester pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic ventilatory failure 
B)  chronic alveolar hyperventilation 
C)  acute ventilatory failure 
D)  acute alveolar hyperventilation 
A)  chronic ventilatory failure 
B)  chronic alveolar hyperventilation 
C)  acute ventilatory failure 
D)  acute alveolar hyperventilation

Which system has up to two times the buffering power of all of the chemical buffering systems combined?

What is the normal range for pH of arterial blood?

Which of the following are common causes of acute alveolar hyperventilation? I. Hypoxia II. Brain inflammation III. Stimulant drugs IV. Pain, anxiety, and fear

What does an arterial pH of 7.48 indicate?

What is the interpretation of the acid base status for the following ABG: pH 7.08. PaCO₂ 75 mmHg, HCO₃- 20 mEq/L

What is the body's most abundant and influential buffering system?

What is the term for the situation that exists when the volume of CO₂ eliminated from the lungs is less than the volume of CO₂ produced at the tissue cells?

How many minutes does it take for the respiratory system to offset acidosis or alkalosis?

Which acid base abnormality is present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.63, PaCO₂ of 27 mmHg, and HCO₃- of 31 mEq/L?

Which of the following conditions are associated with chronic ventilatory failure? I. COPD II. Histoplasmosis III. Kyphoscoliosis IV. Chronic tuberculosis

What is the first line of defense in acid-base regulation?

Which acid-base abnormality would be present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.52, PaCO₂ 42, and HCO₃- of 30 mEq/L?

Compared to the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system in extracellular fluid, how effective is the phosphate buffering system?

Why does a patient with CO poisoning have cherry red skin coloring instead of cyanosis?

Which of the following are examples of weak acids? I. Acetic acid II. Hydrochloric acid III. Carbonic acid

Which acid base abnormality is present if the base excess is calculated to be -9 mEq/L?

Which of the following can cause acute ventilatory failure? I. Guillian-Barre syndrome II. General anesthesia III. Head trauma IV. Myasthenia gravis

What is the normal pH range for venous blood?

When acute ventilatory failure with complete partial renal compensation is present, which of the following would be true?

What acid base abnormality would be expected in third trimester pregnancy?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 7: Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Which system has up to two times the buffering power of all of the chemical buffering systems combined?

What is the normal range for pH of arterial blood?

Which of the following are common causes of acute alveolar hyperventilation? I. Hypoxia II. Brain inflammation III. Stimulant drugs IV. Pain, anxiety, and fear

What does an arterial pH of 7.48 indicate?

What is the interpretation of the acid base status for the following ABG: pH 7.08. PaCO2 75 mmHg, HCO3- 20 mEq/L

What is the body's most abundant and influential buffering system?

What is the term for the situation that exists when the volume of CO2 eliminated from the lungs is less than the volume of CO2 produced at the tissue cells?

How many minutes does it take for the respiratory system to offset acidosis or alkalosis?

Which acid base abnormality is present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.63, PaCO2 of 27 mmHg, and HCO3- of 31 mEq/L?

Which of the following conditions are associated with chronic ventilatory failure? I. COPD II. Histoplasmosis III. Kyphoscoliosis IV. Chronic tuberculosis

What is the first line of defense in acid-base regulation?

Which acid-base abnormality would be present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.52, PaCO2 42, and HCO3- of 30 mEq/L?

Compared to the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system in extracellular fluid, how effective is the phosphate buffering system?

Why does a patient with CO poisoning have cherry red skin coloring instead of cyanosis?

Which of the following are examples of weak acids? I. Acetic acid II. Hydrochloric acid III. Carbonic acid

Which acid base abnormality is present if the base excess is calculated to be -9 mEq/L?

Which of the following can cause acute ventilatory failure? I. Guillian-Barre syndrome II. General anesthesia III. Head trauma IV. Myasthenia gravis

What is the normal pH range for venous blood?

When acute ventilatory failure with complete partial renal compensation is present, which of the following would be true?

What acid base abnormality would be expected in third trimester pregnancy?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

What is the interpretation of the acid base status for the following ABG: pH 7.08. PaCO₂ 75 mmHg, HCO₃- 20 mEq/L

What is the term for the situation that exists when the volume of CO₂ eliminated from the lungs is less than the volume of CO₂ produced at the tissue cells?

Which acid base abnormality is present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.63, PaCO₂ of 27 mmHg, and HCO₃- of 31 mEq/L?

Which acid-base abnormality would be present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.52, PaCO₂ 42, and HCO₃- of 30 mEq/L?