Question 1

Which of the following are considered to be weak bases?
I. Bicarbonate ion
II. Sodium Hydroxide
III. Magnesium Hydroxide

Accepted Answer

A)  II and III only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I and III only 
D)  I only 
A)  II and III only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I and III only 
D)  I only

Question 2

What is the term for substance that dissociates completely in water to liberate all of the H+?

Accepted Answer

A)  strong base 
B)  weak acid 
C)  weak base 
D)  strong acid 
A)  strong base 
B)  weak acid 
C)  weak base 
D)  strong acid

Question 3

Which of the following systems are capable of eliminating fixed acids?
I. Phosphate buffer system
II. Protein buffer system
III. Respiratory system
IV. Renal system

Accepted Answer

A)  IV only 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  I and II only 
A)  IV only 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  III and IV only 
D)  I and II only

Question 4

In the H-H equation, what value can be substituted for carbonic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCO2 x 0.003 
B)  PCO2 x 0.03 . 
C)  PCO2 x 0.03 
D)  PCO2 x 0.03
. 
A)  PCO2 x 0.003 
B)  PCO2 x 0.03 . 
C)  PCO2 x 0.03 
D)  PCO2 x 0.03
.

Question 5

What are the primary components of the phosphate buffer system?
I. sodium salts of dihydrogen phosphate
II. sodium salts of monohydrogen phosphate
III. sodium salts of trihydrogen phosphate

Accepted Answer

A)  II and III only 
B)  I and II only 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  I only 
A)  II and III only 
B)  I and II only 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  I only

Question 6

What is the term for the ability of an acid-base mixture to resist sudden changes in pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionization coefficient 
B)  buffer action 
C)  ionization rate 
D)  dissociation coefficient 
A)  ionization coefficient 
B)  buffer action 
C)  ionization rate 
D)  dissociation coefficient

Question 7

How does the ability of carbonic acid in changing the blood pH compare to that of the bicarbonate ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  six times more powerful 
B)  twenty times more powerful 
C)  one-twentieth as powerful 
D)  one-sixth as powerful 
A)  six times more powerful 
B)  twenty times more powerful 
C)  one-twentieth as powerful 
D)  one-sixth as powerful

Question 8

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 30 and the log of 30 equals 1.48), what would the pH equal?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH would be 7.58 
B)  pH would be 7.148 
C)  insufficient information to calculate 
D)  pH would be 7.48 
A)  pH would be 7.58 
B)  pH would be 7.148 
C)  insufficient information to calculate 
D)  pH would be 7.48

Question 9

When acute alveolar hyperventilation is present, which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaCO2 is below normal limits, pH is above normal limits, and HCO3- is within normal limits 
B)  PaCO2 is below normal limits, pH is above normal, and HCO3- is above normal limits 
C)  PaCO2 is below normal limits and pH and HCO3- are within normal limits 
D)  PaCO2, pH and HCO3 are all below normal limits 
A)  PaCO2 is below normal limits, pH is above normal limits, and HCO3- is within normal limits 
B)  PaCO2 is below normal limits, pH is above normal, and HCO3- is above normal limits 
C)  PaCO2 is below normal limits and pH and HCO3- are within normal limits 
D)  PaCO2, pH and HCO3 are all below normal limits

Question 10

In relationship to acid-base balance, which molecules can be amphoteric?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydoxyl molecules 
B)  protein molecules 
C)  phosphate molecules 
D)  bicarbonate molecules 
A)  hydoxyl molecules 
B)  protein molecules 
C)  phosphate molecules 
D)  bicarbonate molecules

Question 11

What changes would you expect in acid base balance in acute metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH would be below normal range and HCO3- would be normal 
B)  pH would be below normal and HCO3- would be above normal limits 
C)  pH and HCO3- would be above normal limits 
D)  pH and HCO3- below normal 
A)  pH would be below normal range and HCO3- would be normal 
B)  pH would be below normal and HCO3- would be above normal limits 
C)  pH and HCO3- would be above normal limits 
D)  pH and HCO3- below normal

Question 12

Which of the following would occur in partially compensated metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH would be above normal limits and PaCO2 and HCO3- would be below normal range 
B)  pH, PaCO2, and HCO3- would be below normal limits 
C)  pH would be above normal limits, PaCO2 would be above normal range, and HCO3- would be below normal range 
D)  pH would be normal and PaCO2 and HCO3- would be below normal limits 
A)  pH would be above normal limits and PaCO2 and HCO3- would be below normal range 
B)  pH, PaCO2, and HCO3- would be below normal limits 
C)  pH would be above normal limits, PaCO2 would be above normal range, and HCO3- would be below normal range 
D)  pH would be normal and PaCO2 and HCO3- would be below normal limits

Question 13

What is another term for acute ventilatory failure with partial renal compensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  partially compensated respiratory acidosis 
B)  acute alveolar hyperventilation 
C)  chronic alveolar hyperventilation 
D)  compensated respiratory acidosis 
A)  partially compensated respiratory acidosis 
B)  acute alveolar hyperventilation 
C)  chronic alveolar hyperventilation 
D)  compensated respiratory acidosis

Question 14

What is the most common cause of an elevated anion gap?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoventilation 
B)  hyperventilation 
C)  accumulation of fixed acids in the blood 
D)  depletion of fixed acids from the blood 
A)  hypoventilation 
B)  hyperventilation 
C)  accumulation of fixed acids in the blood 
D)  depletion of fixed acids from the blood

Question 15

What is an alternate term for acute alveolar hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis 
B)  respiratory alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis 
A)  metabolic alkalosis 
B)  respiratory alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis

Question 16

Which of the following systems are capable of regulating alkaline substances in the blood and restoring chemical buffers used in managing the H+ levels in extracellular fluids?
I. Phosphate buffer system
II. Protein buffer system
III. Respiratory system
IV. Renal system

Accepted Answer

A)  III and IV only 
B)  IV only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II only 
A)  III and IV only 
B)  IV only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II only

Question 17

Which acid base abnormality results from hypokalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis 
A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis

Question 18

What does an anion gap of 18 mEq/L indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  lab error 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  metabolic alkalosis 
A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  lab error 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  metabolic alkalosis

Question 19

When chronic alveolar hyperventilation is completely compensated, which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be higher than normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normal 
B)  PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be within normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normal 
C)  PaCO2 and pH will be within normal limits and HCO3 will be below normal 
D)  PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be lower than normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normal 
A)  PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be higher than normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normal 
B)  PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be within normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normal 
C)  PaCO2 and pH will be within normal limits and HCO3 will be below normal 
D)  PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be lower than normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normal

Question 20

How would the pH of pure water be expressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  10 -7 mol/L 
C)  10 -7 mol/L . 
D)  10 -7 mol/L. 
A)  0 
B)  10 -7 mol/L 
C)  10 -7 mol/L . 
D)  10 -7 mol/L.

Which of the following are considered to be weak bases? I. Bicarbonate ion II. Sodium Hydroxide III. Magnesium Hydroxide

What is the term for substance that dissociates completely in water to liberate all of the H+?

Which of the following systems are capable of eliminating fixed acids? I. Phosphate buffer system II. Protein buffer system III. Respiratory system IV. Renal system

In the H-H equation, what value can be substituted for carbonic acid?

What are the primary components of the phosphate buffer system? I. sodium salts of dihydrogen phosphate II. sodium salts of monohydrogen phosphate III. sodium salts of trihydrogen phosphate

What is the term for the ability of an acid-base mixture to resist sudden changes in pH?

How does the ability of carbonic acid in changing the blood pH compare to that of the bicarbonate ion?

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 30 and the log of 30 equals 1.48), what would the pH equal?

When acute alveolar hyperventilation is present, which of the following would occur?

In relationship to acid-base balance, which molecules can be amphoteric?

What changes would you expect in acid base balance in acute metabolic acidosis?

Which of the following would occur in partially compensated metabolic acidosis?

What is another term for acute ventilatory failure with partial renal compensation?

What is the most common cause of an elevated anion gap?

What is an alternate term for acute alveolar hyperventilation?

Which of the following systems are capable of regulating alkaline substances in the blood and restoring chemical buffers used in managing the H+ levels in extracellular fluids? I. Phosphate buffer system II. Protein buffer system III. Respiratory system IV. Renal system

Which acid base abnormality results from hypokalemia?

What does an anion gap of 18 mEq/L indicate?

When chronic alveolar hyperventilation is completely compensated, which of the following would occur?

How would the pH of pure water be expressed?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

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Exam 7: Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Which of the following are considered to be weak bases? I. Bicarbonate ion II. Sodium Hydroxide III. Magnesium Hydroxide

What is the term for substance that dissociates completely in water to liberate all of the H+?

Which of the following systems are capable of eliminating fixed acids? I. Phosphate buffer system II. Protein buffer system III. Respiratory system IV. Renal system

In the H-H equation, what value can be substituted for carbonic acid?

What are the primary components of the phosphate buffer system? I. sodium salts of dihydrogen phosphate II. sodium salts of monohydrogen phosphate III. sodium salts of trihydrogen phosphate

What is the term for the ability of an acid-base mixture to resist sudden changes in pH?

How does the ability of carbonic acid in changing the blood pH compare to that of the bicarbonate ion?

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 30 and the log of 30 equals 1.48), what would the pH equal?

When acute alveolar hyperventilation is present, which of the following would occur?

In relationship to acid-base balance, which molecules can be amphoteric?

What changes would you expect in acid base balance in acute metabolic acidosis?

Which of the following would occur in partially compensated metabolic acidosis?

What is another term for acute ventilatory failure with partial renal compensation?

What is the most common cause of an elevated anion gap?

What is an alternate term for acute alveolar hyperventilation?

Which of the following systems are capable of regulating alkaline substances in the blood and restoring chemical buffers used in managing the H+ levels in extracellular fluids? I. Phosphate buffer system II. Protein buffer system III. Respiratory system IV. Renal system

Which acid base abnormality results from hypokalemia?

What does an anion gap of 18 mEq/L indicate?

When chronic alveolar hyperventilation is completely compensated, which of the following would occur?

How would the pH of pure water be expressed?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters