Question 1

Name and briefly describe the four types of weaker intermolecular forces found in biochemistry.

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds: form between a hydrogen

Question 2

Justify the following sentence: The conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen is a decrease of entropy.

Accepted Answer

The balanced chemical equation of 6 CO<s

Question 3

An organism in equilibrium with its environment is no longer alive because

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis is required for life. 
B)  heterostasis is required for life. 
C)  an organism requires only exergonic reactions to be alive. 
D)  an organism requires only endergonic reactions to be alive. 
A)  homeostasis is required for life. 
B)  heterostasis is required for life. 
C)  an organism requires only exergonic reactions to be alive. 
D)  an organism requires only endergonic reactions to be alive.

Question 4

Given the energy charge equation below, if a biological system has an EC = 0.8, what is true about the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP in the system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentrations are all equal. 
B)  There is more ADP in the system than ATP or AMP. 
C)  There is more ATP in the system than ADP or AMP. 
D)  There is more AMP in the system than ATP and ADP. 
A)  The concentrations are all equal. 
B)  There is more ADP in the system than ATP or AMP. 
C)  There is more ATP in the system than ADP or AMP. 
D)  There is more AMP in the system than ATP and ADP.

Question 5

You wish to prepare a solution with a pH of 5.44. If the pKa of the weak acid is 4.74, what ratio of weak base to weak acid should you use?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.70 
B)  0.20 
C)  1.4 
D)  5.0 
A)  0.70 
B)  0.20 
C)  1.4 
D)  5.0

Question 6

The combustion of gasoline is considered exothermic because heat is

Accepted Answer

A)  transferred from the surroundings to the system. 
B)  transferred from the system to the surroundings. 
C)  transferred to the universe. 
D)  not transferred. 
A)  transferred from the surroundings to the system. 
B)  transferred from the system to the surroundings. 
C)  transferred to the universe. 
D)  not transferred.

Question 7

Given a solution with pH > pKa, what are the relative concentrations of A- and HA?

Accepted Answer

A)  [HA] > [A-] 
B)  [HA] -] 
C)  [HA] = [A-] 
D)  [HA] = [A-] = 1 
A)  [HA] > [A-] 
B)  [HA] -] 
C)  [HA] = [A-] 
D)  [HA] = [A-] = 1

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct solar energy reaction that takes place on the sun?

Accepted Answer

A)  "4 He $\rightarrow$4He" 
B)  "4He $\rightarrow$ 4 He" 
C)  "4 H $\rightarrow$ 4He" 
D)  "4H $\rightarrow$ 4 H" 
A)  "4 He $\rightarrow$4He" 
B)  "4He $\rightarrow$ 4 He" 
C)  "4 H $\rightarrow$ 4He" 
D)  "4H $\rightarrow$ 4 H"

Question 9

Calculate the pH of a solution containing 0.105 M HA and 0.146 M A-. The Ka for the weak acid is 1.8 *10- 5.

Accepted Answer

A)  4.88 
B)  9.11 
C)  4.74 
D)  7.00 
A)  4.88 
B)  9.11 
C)  4.74 
D)  7.00

Question 10

A molecule with hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  a zwitterion. 
B)  amphipathic. 
C)  polar. 
D)  nonpolar. 
A)  a zwitterion. 
B)  amphipathic. 
C)  polar. 
D)  nonpolar.

Question 11

Gibbs free energy can best be defined as the

Accepted Answer

A)  difference between the enthalpy and entropy of a system at a given temperature. 
B)  difference between exothermic and endothermic energy of a system at a given temperature. 
C)  addition of enthalpy and entropy of a system at a given temperature. 
D)  difference between pressure and volume at a given temperature. 
A)  difference between the enthalpy and entropy of a system at a given temperature. 
B)  difference between exothermic and endothermic energy of a system at a given temperature. 
C)  addition of enthalpy and entropy of a system at a given temperature. 
D)  difference between pressure and volume at a given temperature.

Question 12

The difference between an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction is that oxidation is the __________ and reduction is the _.

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of electrons; gain of electrons 
B)  gain of electrons; loss of electrons 
C)  loss of protons; gain of protons 
D)  gain of protons; loss of protons 
A)  loss of electrons; gain of electrons 
B)  gain of electrons; loss of electrons 
C)  loss of protons; gain of protons 
D)  gain of protons; loss of protons

Question 13

It is known that lipid molecules in a membrane are able to move throughout the membrane. Propose a method to determine which mode of motion is MOST likely to happen and justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence labeling of a phospholipid

Question 14

The endomembrane system is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  an intracellular network of lipid bilayers. 
B)  energy converting organelles. 
C)  a membrane surrounding the cell. 
D)  nucleotide-containing membranes. 
A)  an intracellular network of lipid bilayers. 
B)  energy converting organelles. 
C)  a membrane surrounding the cell. 
D)  nucleotide-containing membranes.

Question 15

What chemical process is able to take place in the presence of solar energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  photosynthesis 
C)  hydrogenation 
D)  hydrolysis 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  photosynthesis 
C)  hydrogenation 
D)  hydrolysis

Question 16

As a protein folds, what are the stabilizing forces that help keep the protein folded?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophilic amino acids on the interior and hydrophobic amino acids on the exterior 
B)  increase in entropy in the surrounding water 
C)  favorable change in free energy 
D)  hydrophobic amino acids on the interior and hydrophilic amino acids on the exterior 
A)  hydrophilic amino acids on the interior and hydrophobic amino acids on the exterior 
B)  increase in entropy in the surrounding water 
C)  favorable change in free energy 
D)  hydrophobic amino acids on the interior and hydrophilic amino acids on the exterior

Question 17

For a reaction to be spontaneous, the change in the entropy of the universe must be

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than zero. 
B)  less than zero. 
C)  equal to zero. 
D)  equal to 1. 
A)  greater than zero. 
B)  less than zero. 
C)  equal to zero. 
D)  equal to 1.

Question 18

Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 7.8 *10 - 6 M OH - .

Accepted Answer

A)  1.28 
B)  5.11 
C)  12.72 
D)  8.89 
A)  1.28 
B)  5.11 
C)  12.72 
D)  8.89

Question 19

In the figure below, label which reactions are oxidations and which are reduction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the figure below, label which reactions...

Question 20

The antifreeze proteins evolved independently through convergent evolution. What does that mean?

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution is the independent

Exam 2: Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Name and briefly describe the four types of weaker intermolecular forces found in biochemistry.

Justify the following sentence: The conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen is a decrease of entropy.

An organism in equilibrium with its environment is no longer alive because

Given the energy charge equation below, if a biological system has an EC = 0.8, what is true about the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP in the system?

You wish to prepare a solution with a pH of 5.44. If the pKa of the weak acid is 4.74, what ratio of weak base to weak acid should you use?

The combustion of gasoline is considered exothermic because heat is

Given a solution with pH > pKa, what are the relative concentrations of A- and HA?

Which of the following is the correct solar energy reaction that takes place on the sun?

Calculate the pH of a solution containing 0.105 M HA and 0.146 M A-. The Ka for the weak acid is 1.8 *10- 5.

A molecule with hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties is best described as

Gibbs free energy can best be defined as the

The difference between an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction is that oxidation is the __________ and reduction is the _.

It is known that lipid molecules in a membrane are able to move throughout the membrane. Propose a method to determine which mode of motion is MOST likely to happen and justify your answer.

The endomembrane system is/are

What chemical process is able to take place in the presence of solar energy?

As a protein folds, what are the stabilizing forces that help keep the protein folded?

For a reaction to be spontaneous, the change in the entropy of the universe must be

Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 7.8 *10 - 6 M OH - .

In the figure below, label which reactions are oxidations and which are reduction.

The antifreeze proteins evolved independently through convergent evolution. What does that mean?

Principles of Biochemistry

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

Given a solution with pH > pKa, what are the relative concentrations of A^-and HA?

Calculate the pH of a solution containing 0.105 M HA and 0.146 M A^-. The Ka for the weak acid is 1.8 *10^-⁵.

Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 7.8 *10 ^- ⁶M OH ^- .