Exam 19: Metabolic Integration

On exposure to insulin, the liver responds by upregulating , which in turn causes the upregulation of _.

Fully active AMPK results in an increase in all pathways listed EXCEPT

Both metformin and thiazolidinedione ultimately activate AMPK signaling. Yet the two drugs achieve this outcome by different means. Contrast the ways that these drugs activate AMPK signaling.

Analysis of various cell types after exposure to insulin would show an increase in triacylglycerol synthesis in which of the following?

Reduced levels of molecular-weight serum adiponectin in obese individuals results in activation of AMPK signaling in muscle cells.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor nuclear receptor proteins that function in metabolic homeostasis?

Which list correctly places the foods in order of lowest to highest glycemic index?

Analysis of enzyme activity in both liver and muscle cells on insulin exposure would show an increase in the activity of which of the following?

After a meal is consumed by an individual with chronically elevated levels of free fatty acids, __________ is expected to occur.

Whipple surgery, sometimes carried out on patients battling pancreatic cancer, is one of the most demanding surgeries to perform. It involves removing parts of the pancreas and rerouting aspects of the digestive track. Which of the following side effects may result from Whipple surgery?

What fuel source will last the longest before being depleted during intense exercise?

Which of the following activates triacylglycerol hydrolysis and fatty acid export in adipose tissue?

What might be the outcome of a mutation that causes the adiponectin receptor to be constitutively activated?

TNF- $\alpha$ causes the __________ of insulin signaling in _.

Modify the schematic below by properly labeling the four neurons (W, X, Y, and Z).

Thrifty genes are __________ during times of starvation and __________ when physical activity is low.

The graph below shows the relative changes in concentration of glucose, fatty acids, and ketone bodies during 40 days of starvation. Choose the answer that correctly labels the data on the graph.

Human gene variants favoring individuals with a capacity to store extra fat during times of feast are known as

Which protein will be phosphorylated in a muscle cell in an obese individual with elevated serum levels of free fatty acids?

Leptin is a