Exam 22: Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

The wobble hypothesis was first proposed by

Which of the following mRNA codons would NOT be recognized by a tRNA that is charged with an amino acid?

Which of the following is considered the adaptor molecule in protein synthesis?

A full catalytic cycle of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase generates __________ as a product.

In the experiment illustrated below, based off the original by Nirenberg and Matthaei, in which tube would the resulting protein be found? Explain your answer.

Which antibiotic functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase?

In the ER, prenylation can occur. Prenylation is the attachment of an isoprenoid group to a __________ residue via a(n) _.

Where would an amino acid be attached to the tRNA below?

Describe the steps of the mechanism of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Clarify the role of ATP in the process.

tRNA interacts with ribosomes at one of three sites: the E site, the P site, and the site.

If a protein is covalently modified by ubiquitin, it will be

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase contains two binding sites. Describe the consequence of a mutation that changed the specificity of the amino acid binding site of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase from Glu to Asp.

The rate of translation of an identical mRNA sequence is measured in cells from two different species-E. coli and human. It is found that the rate is slower in E. coli cells. What is a possible reason for this finding?

Explain what is meant by the statement, "The genetic code is universal."

Which component of the Nirenberg-Leder experiment, that assigned triplet codons to specific amino acids, was radioactively labeled?

Differentiate among the trafficking of vesicles coated with COPI, COPII, or clathrin.

Secondary downstream of the cap structure in the mRNA is unwound during the step of translation.

Which antibiotic would be a good choice to use as a research tool if investigating the role of DNA gyrase in a cell?

The adaptor molecule in translation is

In the image below, which group will be attacked by the nucleophilic amino group of the next amino acid brought into the ribosome?