Exam 14: Carbohydrate Metabolism

State whether enzymes are phosphorylated or dephosphorylated in the glycogen metabolism pathways on the binding of adrenaline to liver or muscle cell receptors and state how this affects their activity.

A patient is found to have a mutated enzyme that results in fewer branch points in glycogen. Which one of the following would best characterize the way in which the patient's glycogen is altered relative to normal glycogen?

Which is the substrate or product of the reactions that comprise the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway?

How many high-energy NTP molecules are hydrolyzed for each glucose monomer added to a growing glycogen polymer?

Which enzyme catalyzes the following reaction?

The hormone insulin stimulates __________ and inhibits __________, leading to a(n) __________ in the glucose levels.

The branching enzyme of glycogen synthesis is involved in

What would happen to cellular glucose-6-phosphate if the pentose phosphate pathway is inhibited?

Which of the following metabolites has carbon atoms that can end up in glucose via the gluconeogenesis pathway in humans?

The enzymes that catalyze the regulated steps in glycolysis are

The pentose phosphate pathway

The hormone insulin activates phosphofructokinase 2 (2PFK2). This leads to a(n) __________ in concentration of fructose 2,6 bisphosphate, which favors the __________ Pathway.

The role of glycogenin is to

State the role of the liver and the role of the muscles and explain their need for different glycogen metabolism regulation.

Because muscles lack receptors for glucagon, what hormone activates muscle glycogen phosphorylase?

In the breakdown of glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase, the immediate predominant product is

Which of the following molecules is found in the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?

List the three metabolic molecules that regulate the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway.

McArdle disease is due to a deficiency in muscle glycogen phosphorylase activity. The result of this deficiency is an inability to

Which of the following molecules would inhibit the last reaction of glycolysis?