Question 1

A helix-turn-helix motif can best be described as a(n) followed by a(n) .

Accepted Answer

A)  "$\alpha$-helix; $\beta$-helix" 
B)  "$\alpha$-helix; $\alpha$-helix" 
C)  "$\beta$-helix; $\beta$-helix" 
D)  "$\beta$-helix; $\alpha$-helix" 
A)  "$\alpha$-helix; $\beta$-helix" 
B)  "$\alpha$-helix; $\alpha$-helix" 
C)  "$\beta$-helix; $\beta$-helix" 
D)  "$\beta$-helix; $\alpha$-helix" B

Question 2

Explain the expression of the Drosophila even-skipped gene.

Accepted Answer

Expression of the Drosophila even-skipped gene occurs in a series of seven stripes along the axis of the embryo, where each stripe has a separate set of regulatory controls. The eve stripe 2 enhancer region contains cis-acting sites for four different transcription factors that function together to restrict expression of the even structural gene to a small number of cells.

Question 3

Differentiate among the helix-turn-helix, zinc-finger DNA-binding, leucine zipper, and helix-loop-helix motifs.

Accepted Answer

Helix-turn-helix is approximately 20 amino acids long and consists of two $\alpha$-helices connected by a short turn. Zinc-finger motif is approximately 30 amino acids long and coordinates on a zinc atom with two cysteine and two histidine residues. The leucine zipper leucine amino acids are found approximately every seven amino acids, which allows interactions between similarly spaced leucines on the other protein subunit, creating a coiled-coiled structure.
Helix-loop-helix proteins are characterized by a loop region between the DNA binding on
$\alpha$-helix and the dimerization $\alpha$-helix.

Question 4

How can the lac promoter and IPTG be used to produce large amounts of a specific protein?

Accepted Answer

As shown in Figure 23.16, the lac promot

Question 5

The proteins encoded by GAL1, GAL2, GAL7, and GAL10 are all needed for converting __________ to glucose-6-phosphate.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  galiactose 
D)  galactose 
A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  galiactose 
D)  galactose

Question 6

The control point for most gene regulation occurs at the initiation of

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription. 
B)  RNA processing. 
C)  protein synthesis. 
D)  protein modifications. 
A)  transcription. 
B)  RNA processing. 
C)  protein synthesis. 
D)  protein modifications.

Question 7

iPS cells can be defined as cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiated 
B)  dedifferentiated 
C)  embryonic stem 
D)  somatic stem 
A)  differentiated 
B)  dedifferentiated 
C)  embryonic stem 
D)  somatic stem

Question 8

How can pluripotency be induced?

Accepted Answer

Reprogramming of differentiated cells to

Question 9

Explain how transcription of the yeast PHO5 gene is regulated.

Accepted Answer

Transcription of the yeast PHO5 gene is

Question 10

How does entropy drive protein-DNA complex formations?

Accepted Answer

Entropy is often increased by

Question 11

Which of the following best describes when a pattern of gene expression is altered without change in the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetic states 
B)  negative autoregulation 
C)  positive autoregulation 
D)  meiosis 
A)  epigenetic states 
B)  negative autoregulation 
C)  positive autoregulation 
D)  meiosis

Question 12

A regulon can best be described as units of DNA containing gene(s) under control of promotor(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  one; one 
B)  multiple; one 
C)  multiple; multiple 
D)  one; multiple 
A)  one; one 
B)  multiple; one 
C)  multiple; multiple 
D)  one; multiple

Question 13

$\alpha$-Helices are usually found in DNA binding proteins because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are the only secondary feature found in proteins. 
B)  are the only stable secondary feature in proteins. 
C)  have the appropriate diameter to fit into the major groove of DNA. 
D)  have the appropriate diameter to fit into the minor groove of DNA. 
A)  are the only secondary feature found in proteins. 
B)  are the only stable secondary feature in proteins. 
C)  have the appropriate diameter to fit into the major groove of DNA. 
D)  have the appropriate diameter to fit into the minor groove of DNA.

Question 14

Describe the three broad classes of nucleosome modifications.

Accepted Answer

(1) Histones in nucleosomes undergo a wi

Question 15

Differentiate between where bromodomains and chromodomains bind.

Accepted Answer

Bromodomain-containing complex

Question 16

When LexA is autocleaved by RecA*, the SOS genes

Accepted Answer

A)  are repressed. 
B)  are activated. 
C)  are unaffected. 
D)  produce operons. 
A)  are repressed. 
B)  are activated. 
C)  are unaffected. 
D)  produce operons.

Question 17

The role of the CI protein in the lysogenic pathway is that the

Accepted Answer

A)  lysogenic pathway is favored when CI binds. 
B)  lytic pathway is favored when CI binds. 
C)  CI protein activates the PR promoter. 
D)  CI protein inhibits the PRM promoter. 
A)  lysogenic pathway is favored when CI binds. 
B)  lytic pathway is favored when CI binds. 
C)  CI protein activates the PR promoter. 
D)  CI protein inhibits the PRM promoter.

Question 18

When bacteriophage $\lambda$ integrates into the E. coli genome, what is that lifestyle called?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysis 
B)  lysogeny 
C)  lyophilize 
D)  lysine 
A)  lysis 
B)  lysogeny 
C)  lyophilize 
D)  lysine

Question 19

Which amino acid residues on histones are acetylated?

Accepted Answer

A)  histidine 
B)  lysine 
C)  arginine 
D)  serine 
A)  histidine 
B)  lysine 
C)  arginine 
D)  serine

Question 20

What is a result of histone acetylation?

Accepted Answer

A)  repression of transcription 
B)  increased transcriptional activity 
C)  no effect 
D)  remodeling of histone 
A)  repression of transcription 
B)  increased transcriptional activity 
C)  no effect 
D)  remodeling of histone

Exam 23: Gene Regulation

A helix-turn-helix motif can best be described as a(n) followed by a(n) .

Explain the expression of the Drosophila even-skipped gene.

Differentiate among the helix-turn-helix, zinc-finger DNA-binding, leucine zipper, and helix-loop-helix motifs.

How can the lac promoter and IPTG be used to produce large amounts of a specific protein?

The proteins encoded by GAL1, GAL2, GAL7, and GAL10 are all needed for converting __________ to glucose-6-phosphate.

The control point for most gene regulation occurs at the initiation of

iPS cells can be defined as cells.

How can pluripotency be induced?

Explain how transcription of the yeast PHO5 gene is regulated.

How does entropy drive protein-DNA complex formations?

Which of the following best describes when a pattern of gene expression is altered without change in the DNA sequence?

A regulon can best be described as units of DNA containing gene(s) under control of promotor(s).

α\alphaα -Helices are usually found in DNA binding proteins because they

Describe the three broad classes of nucleosome modifications.

Differentiate between where bromodomains and chromodomains bind.

When LexA is autocleaved by RecA*, the SOS genes

The role of the CI protein in the lysogenic pathway is that the

When bacteriophage λ\lambdaλ integrates into the E. coli genome, what is that lifestyle called?

Which amino acid residues on histones are acetylated?

What is a result of histone acetylation?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Filters

$\alpha$ -Helices are usually found in DNA binding proteins because they

When bacteriophage $\lambda$ integrates into the E. coli genome, what is that lifestyle called?