Question 1

Does the figure below represent a prokaryotic or eukaryotic translation system? Describe the clues used to form a decision.

Accepted Answer

This is a prokaryotic translation system

Question 2

Prokaryotic mRNA will directly interact with __________ during translation.

Accepted Answer

A)  release factors 
B)  23S rRNA 
C)  Kozak sequence 
D)  GTP 
A)  release factors 
B)  23S rRNA 
C)  Kozak sequence 
D)  GTP

Question 3

After the initiation complex is complete, what occurs next in the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide bond formation 
B)  EF-G•GTP binding 
C)  EF-Tu•GTP AA-tRNAAA binding 
D)  RF2 binding 
A)  peptide bond formation 
B)  EF-G•GTP binding 
C)  EF-Tu•GTP AA-tRNAAA binding 
D)  RF2 binding

Question 4

Noncanonical base pairings are observed between the third position of the codons and the first position of the anticodons. This concept is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  nonsense rule. 
B)  noncanonical hypothesis. 
C)  wobble hypothesis. 
D)  3:1 hypothesis. 
A)  nonsense rule. 
B)  noncanonical hypothesis. 
C)  wobble hypothesis. 
D)  3:1 hypothesis.

Question 5

The antibiotics streptomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol all interfere with

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane formation. 
B)  protein synthesis. 
C)  nucleic acid synthesis. 
D)  cell wall formation. 
A)  cell membrane formation. 
B)  protein synthesis. 
C)  nucleic acid synthesis. 
D)  cell wall formation.

Question 6

Which of the following sequences is most likely a nuclear localization signal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lys-Lys-Arg-Gly-Arg 
B)  Glu-Asp-Asp-Gly-Glu 
C)  Ile-Leu-Phe-Leu-Gly 
D)  Lys-Asp-Arg-Glu-Glu 
A)  Lys-Lys-Arg-Gly-Arg 
B)  Glu-Asp-Asp-Gly-Glu 
C)  Ile-Leu-Phe-Leu-Gly 
D)  Lys-Asp-Arg-Glu-Glu

Question 7

A protein is targeted to the plasma membrane. Its final functional location is as a subunit of a transmembrane protein that interacts with the central subdomain of the membrane. Analysis of this protein would most likely show modification with a

Accepted Answer

A)  myristoylate. 
B)  palmitoylate. 
C)  isoprenoid. 
D)  phosphate. 
A)  myristoylate. 
B)  palmitoylate. 
C)  isoprenoid. 
D)  phosphate.

Question 8

All glycoproteins have __________ covalently added posttranslationally.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates 
B)  phosphates 
C)  methyl groups 
D)  acetyl groups 
A)  carbohydrates 
B)  phosphates 
C)  methyl groups 
D)  acetyl groups

Question 9

Different tRNAs for the same amino acid that bind alternate codons are known as tRNAs.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognate 
B)  isoacceptor 
C)  variable 
D)  class I and class II 
A)  cognate 
B)  isoacceptor 
C)  variable 
D)  class I and class II

Question 10

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes recognize __________ as a start codon.

Accepted Answer

A)  AUG 
B)  UAC 
C)  GUA 
D)  CAU 
A)  AUG 
B)  UAC 
C)  GUA 
D)  CAU

Question 11

An experiment with bacteria that has been exposed to an antibiotic reveals that the translocation step has been inhibited. Which antibiotic was likely used?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloramphenicol 
B)  erythromycin 
C)  tetracycline 
D)  streptomycin 
A)  chloramphenicol 
B)  erythromycin 
C)  tetracycline 
D)  streptomycin

Question 12

In yeast, the number of tRNA genes is __________ the number of _.

Accepted Answer

A)  equivalent to; amino acids 
B)  less than; amino acids 
C)  equivalent to; mRNAs 
D)  greater than; codons 
A)  equivalent to; amino acids 
B)  less than; amino acids 
C)  equivalent to; mRNAs 
D)  greater than; codons

Question 13

Contrast both the structure and function of a prokaryotic initiator tRNA with a prokaryotic Met-tRNAMet.

Accepted Answer

The initiator tRNA is modified by the ad

Question 14

tRNAs interact with the ribosome only after

Accepted Answer

A)  they bind the free mRNA. 
B)  the small and large subunits have come together. 
C)  the first peptide bond in the nascent chain is formed. 
D)  the AUG start codon is positioned in the E site. 
A)  they bind the free mRNA. 
B)  the small and large subunits have come together. 
C)  the first peptide bond in the nascent chain is formed. 
D)  the AUG start codon is positioned in the E site.

Question 15

The anticodon of tRNA is made up of bases.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5

Question 16

A newly discovered protein is found to be modified by a lipid. Where is this protein most likely located?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  proteasome 
C)  cell membrane 
D)  extracellular matrix 
A)  nucleus 
B)  proteasome 
C)  cell membrane 
D)  extracellular matrix

Question 17

The tRNA 3 '  $\rightarrow$5 '  anticodon loop that recognizes the 5 '  $\rightarrow$3 '  codon UCC could have the sequence

Accepted Answer

A)  AGG. 
B)  GGA. 
C)  UCC. 
D)  CCU. 
A)  AGG. 
B)  GGA. 
C)  UCC. 
D)  CCU.

Question 18

Relate the importance of the binding of Ran to importin to its role in nuclear import.

Accepted Answer

Ran binds importin once import

Question 19

Which sequence is MOST likely to be prenylated in the ER? (The … represents additional amino acids N-terminal to those shown.)

Accepted Answer

A)  …Cys-Leu-Leu-Phe-Ala-Lys 
B)  …Leu-Phe-Leu-Cys-Ile-Phe 
C)  …Phe-Ile-Leu-Ser-Ile-Leu 
D)  …Cys-Leu-Cys-Leu-Lys-Phe 
A)  …Cys-Leu-Leu-Phe-Ala-Lys 
B)  …Leu-Phe-Leu-Cys-Ile-Phe 
C)  …Phe-Ile-Leu-Ser-Ile-Leu 
D)  …Cys-Leu-Cys-Leu-Lys-Phe

Question 20

Which molecule contains both an amino acid acceptor stem and an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  RNAi 
A)  tRNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  RNAi

Exam 22: Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Does the figure below represent a prokaryotic or eukaryotic translation system? Describe the clues used to form a decision.

Prokaryotic mRNA will directly interact with __________ during translation.

After the initiation complex is complete, what occurs next in the process of translation?

Noncanonical base pairings are observed between the third position of the codons and the first position of the anticodons. This concept is known as the

The antibiotics streptomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol all interfere with

Which of the following sequences is most likely a nuclear localization signal?

A protein is targeted to the plasma membrane. Its final functional location is as a subunit of a transmembrane protein that interacts with the central subdomain of the membrane. Analysis of this protein would most likely show modification with a

All glycoproteins have __________ covalently added posttranslationally.

Different tRNAs for the same amino acid that bind alternate codons are known as tRNAs.

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes recognize __________ as a start codon.

An experiment with bacteria that has been exposed to an antibiotic reveals that the translocation step has been inhibited. Which antibiotic was likely used?

In yeast, the number of tRNA genes is __________ the number of _.

Contrast both the structure and function of a prokaryotic initiator tRNA with a prokaryotic Met-tRNAMet.

tRNAs interact with the ribosome only after

The anticodon of tRNA is made up of bases.

A newly discovered protein is found to be modified by a lipid. Where is this protein most likely located?

The tRNA 3 ' →\rightarrow→ 5 ' anticodon loop that recognizes the 5 ' →\rightarrow→ 3 ' codon UCC could have the sequence

Relate the importance of the binding of Ran to importin to its role in nuclear import.

Which sequence is MOST likely to be prenylated in the ER? (The … represents additional amino acids N-terminal to those shown.)

Which molecule contains both an amino acid acceptor stem and an anticodon?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Gene Regulation

Filters

Contrast both the structure and function of a prokaryotic initiator tRNA with a prokaryotic Met-tRNA^Met.

The tRNA 3 ^' $\rightarrow$ 5 ^' anticodon loop that recognizes the 5 ^' $\rightarrow$ 3 ^' codon UCC could have the sequence