Question 1

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

Accepted Answer

A)  monocytes 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  basophils 
A)  monocytes 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  basophils

Question 2

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  monocytes 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  basophils 
D)  neutrophils 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  monocytes 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  basophils 
D)  neutrophils 
E)  lymphocytes

Question 3

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they compete with pathogens for nutrients. 
B)  they produce lysozyme. 
C)  they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. 
D)  they produce antibacterial chemicals. 
E)  they change the pH of the environment. 
A)  they compete with pathogens for nutrients. 
B)  they produce lysozyme. 
C)  they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. 
D)  they produce antibacterial chemicals. 
E)  they change the pH of the environment.

Question 4

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozymes. 
B)  leukotrienes. 
C)  histamine. 
D)  kinins. 
E)  prostaglandins. 
A)  lysozymes. 
B)  leukotrienes. 
C)  histamine. 
D)  kinins. 
E)  prostaglandins.

Question 5

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  HCl. 
B)  the "ciliary escalator." 
C)  tears. 
D)  saliva. 
E)  multiple layers of cells. 
A)  HCl. 
B)  the "ciliary escalator." 
C)  tears. 
D)  saliva. 
E)  multiple layers of cells.

Question 6

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)  factors released from damaged tissues. 
B)  antigen-antibody reactions. 
C)  factors released from phagocytes. 
D)  lipid- carbohydrate complexes and C3. 
E)  C5-C9. 
A)  factors released from damaged tissues. 
B)  antigen-antibody reactions. 
C)  factors released from phagocytes. 
D)  lipid- carbohydrate complexes and C3. 
E)  C5-C9.

Question 9

Which of the following is found normally in serum?

Accepted Answer

A)  interferon 
B)  complement 
C)  histamine 
D)  leukocytosis- promoting factor 
E)  TLRs 
A)  interferon 
B)  complement 
C)  histamine 
D)  leukocytosis- promoting factor 
E)  TLRs

Question 10

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocyte migration 
B)  margination 
C)  diapedesis 
D)  vasodilation 
E)  repair 
A)  phagocyte migration 
B)  margination 
C)  diapedesis 
D)  vasodilation 
E)  repair

Question 11

A chill is a sign that

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessels are dilating. 
B)  body temperature is falling. 
C)  body temperature is not changing. 
D)  the metabolic rate is decreasing. 
E)  body temperature is rising. 
A)  blood vessels are dilating. 
B)  body temperature is falling. 
C)  body temperature is not changing. 
D)  the metabolic rate is decreasing. 
E)  body temperature is rising.

Question 12

Activation of C3a results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased blood vessel permeability. 
B)  cell lysis. 
C)  opsonization. 
D)  acute inflammation. 
E)  attraction of phagocytes. 
A)  increased blood vessel permeability. 
B)  cell lysis. 
C)  opsonization. 
D)  acute inflammation. 
E)  attraction of phagocytes.

Question 13

The dermis is composed of connective tissue and provides protection from the external environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemotaxis - chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome 
B)  scab - dried blood clot over injured tissue 
C)  pus - tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid 
D)  diapedesis - movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue 
E)  abcess - a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus 
A)  chemotaxis - chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome 
B)  scab - dried blood clot over injured tissue 
C)  pus - tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid 
D)  diapedesis - movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue 
E)  abcess - a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus

Question 15

Activation of C5-C9 results in

Accepted Answer

A)  inflammation. 
B)  activation of C3. 
C)  lysis of microbial cells. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  fixation of complement. 
A)  inflammation. 
B)  activation of C3. 
C)  lysis of microbial cells. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  fixation of complement.

Question 16

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)  mannose on host membranes. 
B)  gram- negative cell walls. 
C)  lectins of the microbe. 
D)  gram- positive cell walls. 
E)  mannose on the surface of microbes. 
A)  mannose on host membranes. 
B)  gram- negative cell walls. 
C)  lectins of the microbe. 
D)  gram- positive cell walls. 
E)  mannose on the surface of microbes.

Question 17

Complement proteins act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs) has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages 
B)  basophils 
C)  erythrocytes 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  neutrophils 
A)  macrophages 
B)  basophils 
C)  erythrocytes 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  neutrophils

Question 20

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocidins. 
B)  biofilms. 
C)  formation of phagolysosomes. 
D)  capsules. 
E)  M protein. 
A)  leukocidins. 
B)  biofilms. 
C)  formation of phagolysosomes. 
D)  capsules. 
E)  M protein.

Exam 16: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability.

Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Which of the following is found normally in serum?

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

A chill is a sign that

Activation of C3a results in

The dermis is composed of connective tissue and provides protection from the external environment.

Which of the following is mismatched?

Activation of C5-C9 results in

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

Complement proteins act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs) has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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