Question 1

The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are at least thirty complement proteins. 
B)  Complement activity is antigen- specific. 
C)  Complement increases after immunization. 
D)  Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis. 
E)  All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum. 
A)  There are at least thirty complement proteins. 
B)  Complement activity is antigen- specific. 
C)  Complement increases after immunization. 
D)  Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis. 
E)  All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum. A

Question 3

Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  diapedesis. 
B)  chemotaxis. 
C)  release of histamines and prostaglandins. 
D)  antibody synthesis. 
E)  dilation of blood vessels. 
A)  diapedesis. 
B)  chemotaxis. 
C)  release of histamines and prostaglandins. 
D)  antibody synthesis. 
E)  dilation of blood vessels.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation. 
B)  The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes. 
C)  C3b causes opsonization. 
D)  C3 is not involved in the classical pathway. 
E)  C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway. 
A)  Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation. 
B)  The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes. 
C)  C3b causes opsonization. 
D)  C3 is not involved in the classical pathway. 
E)  C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway.

Question 6

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

Accepted Answer

A)  attach to microorganisms and other foreign material. 
B)  undergo chemotaxis. 
C)  migrate. 
D)  engulf microorganisms and other foreign material. 
E)  produce toxic oxygen products. 
A)  attach to microorganisms and other foreign material. 
B)  undergo chemotaxis. 
C)  migrate. 
D)  engulf microorganisms and other foreign material. 
E)  produce toxic oxygen products.

Question 7

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  normal skin flora 
B)  acidic skin secretions 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  mucociliary escalator 
E)  phagocytosis in the inflammatory response 
A)  normal skin flora 
B)  acidic skin secretions 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  mucociliary escalator 
E)  phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Question 8

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen-antibody reactions. 
B)  factors released from damaged tissues. 
C)  lipid- carbohydrate complexes and C3. 
D)  C5-C9. 
E)  factors released from phagocytes. 
A)  antigen-antibody reactions. 
B)  factors released from damaged tissues. 
C)  lipid- carbohydrate complexes and C3. 
D)  C5-C9. 
E)  factors released from phagocytes.

Question 9

Innate immunity

Accepted Answer

A)  provides increased susceptibility to disease. 
B)  is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens. 
C)  involves a memory component. 
D)  involves T cells and B cells. 
E)  is nonspecific and present at birth. 
A)  provides increased susceptibility to disease. 
B)  is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens. 
C)  involves a memory component. 
D)  involves T cells and B cells. 
E)  is nonspecific and present at birth.

Question 10

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  AMPs. 
B)  peptidoglycan. 
C)  LPS. 
D)  flagellin. 
E)  PAMPs. 
A)  AMPs. 
B)  peptidoglycan. 
C)  LPS. 
D)  flagellin. 
E)  PAMPs.

Question 11

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  HOCl. 
B)  OH·. 
C)  complement. 
D)  O2- . 
E)  H2O2. 
A)  HOCl. 
B)  OH·. 
C)  complement. 
D)  O2- . 
E)  H2O2.

Question 12

Which non- specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerumen and sebum - ear 
B)  lysozyme - tears and saliva 
C)  keratin and tightly packed cells - skin 
D)  mucociliary escalator - intestines 
E)  very acidic pH- stomach 
A)  cerumen and sebum - ear 
B)  lysozyme - tears and saliva 
C)  keratin and tightly packed cells - skin 
D)  mucociliary escalator - intestines 
E)  very acidic pH- stomach

Question 13

Describe the nonspecific antimicrobial effects of mucus, lysozyme, and low pH. For each of these substances, list where they are found in the body and how they function in fighting pathogens.

Accepted Answer

Mucus, lysozyme, and low pH all play imp

Question 14

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

All of the following are affects of histamine EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  swelling. 
B)  fever. 
C)  redness. 
D)  pain. 
E)  vasodilation. 
A)  swelling. 
B)  fever. 
C)  redness. 
D)  pain. 
E)  vasodilation.

Question 16

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the numbers of each type of white blood cell. 
B)  leukocytosis. 
C)  leukopenia. 
D)  the number of red blood cells. 
E)  the total number of white blood cells. 
A)  the numbers of each type of white blood cell. 
B)  leukocytosis. 
C)  leukopenia. 
D)  the number of red blood cells. 
E)  the total number of white blood cells.

Question 17

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the throat. 
C)  remove microorganisms from the upper respiratory tract. 
D)  remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract. 
E)  trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucous and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract. 
A)  remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the throat. 
C)  remove microorganisms from the upper respiratory tract. 
D)  remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract. 
E)  trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucous and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.

Question 18

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates T lymphocyte activity. 
B)  intensifies the effect of antiviral interferons. 
C)  is caused by interleukin- 1 and TNF- alpha coming into contact with the hypothalamus. 
D)  can be initiated by specific types of pathogens. 
E)  accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract. 
A)  stimulates T lymphocyte activity. 
B)  intensifies the effect of antiviral interferons. 
C)  is caused by interleukin- 1 and TNF- alpha coming into contact with the hypothalamus. 
D)  can be initiated by specific types of pathogens. 
E)  accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract.

Question 19

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they are a type of lymphocyte. 
B)  they release toxic substances that cause cell lysis or apoptosis. 
C)  they have the ability to kill infected body cells and some tumor cells. 
D)  they are found in tissues of the lymphatic system. 
E)  they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis. 
A)  they are a type of lymphocyte. 
B)  they release toxic substances that cause cell lysis or apoptosis. 
C)  they have the ability to kill infected body cells and some tumor cells. 
D)  they are found in tissues of the lymphatic system. 
E)  they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.

Question 20

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they disrupt stages of viral multiplication. 
B)  they initiate transcription. 
C)  they initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins. 
D)  they are effective for long periods. 
E)  they bind to the surface of uninfected cells. 
A)  they disrupt stages of viral multiplication. 
B)  they initiate transcription. 
C)  they initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins. 
D)  they are effective for long periods. 
E)  they bind to the surface of uninfected cells.

Exam 16: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Innate immunity

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

Which non- specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Describe the nonspecific antimicrobial effects of mucus, lysozyme, and low pH. For each of these substances, list where they are found in the body and how they function in fighting pathogens.

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

All of the following are affects of histamine EXCEPT

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

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Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

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Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

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