Question 1

Xenotransplantation is an effective alternative to using isografts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The number of T cells drops to below 200 cells/microliter in which phase of HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  phase 1 
B)  phase 2 
C)  phase 3 
D)  initial phase 
E)  asymptomatic phase 
A)  phase 1 
B)  phase 2 
C)  phase 3 
D)  initial phase 
E)  asymptomatic phase

Question 3

Skin tests are reliable indicators for the diagnosis of food- related allergies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following may result from systemic anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

A)  hives 
B)  immunodeficiency 
C)  hay fever 
D)  shock 
E)  asthma 
A)  hives 
B)  immunodeficiency 
C)  hay fever 
D)  shock 
E)  asthma

Question 5

All of the following are used to determine relatedness between a donor and a recipient for transplants EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA antigens. 
B)  ABO blood group antigens. 
C)  MHC antigens. 
D)  HLA and MHC antigens. 
E)  HLA, MHC, and ABO blood group antigens. 
A)  HLA antigens. 
B)  ABO blood group antigens. 
C)  MHC antigens. 
D)  HLA and MHC antigens. 
E)  HLA, MHC, and ABO blood group antigens.

Question 6

Worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is

Accepted Answer

A)  heterosexual intercourse. 
B)  blood transfusions. 
C)  intravenous drug use. 
D)  homosexual intercourse. 
E)  nosocomial. 
A)  heterosexual intercourse. 
B)  blood transfusions. 
C)  intravenous drug use. 
D)  homosexual intercourse. 
E)  nosocomial.

Question 7

During asymptomatic phase I of HIV disease, HIV infection is diagnosed by

Accepted Answer

A)  counting CD4+ T cells. 
B)  measuring viral RNA. 
C)  testing for seroconversion. 
D)  measuring antibodies against HIV. 
E)  counting CD8+ T cells. 
A)  counting CD4+ T cells. 
B)  measuring viral RNA. 
C)  testing for seroconversion. 
D)  measuring antibodies against HIV. 
E)  counting CD8+ T cells.

Question 8

All of the following pertain to serological tests EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they can detect antibodies but not antigens. 
B)  they can be used to diagnose various diseases. 
C)  they are used to test for specific HLAs on lymphocytes. 
D)  reactions can be detected by uptake of trypan blue by damaged cells. 
E)  they are used to detect compatible tissues for transplantation. 
A)  they can detect antibodies but not antigens. 
B)  they can be used to diagnose various diseases. 
C)  they are used to test for specific HLAs on lymphocytes. 
D)  reactions can be detected by uptake of trypan blue by damaged cells. 
E)  they are used to detect compatible tissues for transplantation.

Question 9

Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?

Accepted Answer

A)  autograft 
B)  allograft 
C)  xenotransplant 
D)  isograft 
E)  All of these types of tranplant are equally compatible. 
A)  autograft 
B)  allograft 
C)  xenotransplant 
D)  isograft 
E)  All of these types of tranplant are equally compatible.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about human embryonic stem cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They express few MHC I antigens. 
B)  They are pluripotent. 
C)  They express no MHC II antigens. 
D)  They are typically obtained from the blastocyst stage of embryonic development. 
E)  They are undifferentiated. 
A)  They express few MHC I antigens. 
B)  They are pluripotent. 
C)  They express no MHC II antigens. 
D)  They are typically obtained from the blastocyst stage of embryonic development. 
E)  They are undifferentiated.

Question 11

Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with

Accepted Answer

A)  complement. 
B)  IgG antibodies. 
C)  IgE antibodies. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  macrophages. 
A)  complement. 
B)  IgG antibodies. 
C)  IgE antibodies. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  macrophages.

Question 12

Rheumatoid arthritis is due to deposition of

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG and IgA complexes in joints. 
B)  IgD and IgE complexes in joints. 
C)  IgA antibodies in joints. 
D)  complement in joints. 
E)  complexes of IgM and IgG and also complement in joints. 
A)  IgG and IgA complexes in joints. 
B)  IgD and IgE complexes in joints. 
C)  IgA antibodies in joints. 
D)  complement in joints. 
E)  complexes of IgM and IgG and also complement in joints.

Question 13

The chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are

Accepted Answer

A)  antigens. 
B)  the proteins of the complement system. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  found in basophils and mast cells. 
E)  antigen- antibody complexes. 
A)  antigens. 
B)  the proteins of the complement system. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  found in basophils and mast cells. 
E)  antigen- antibody complexes.

Question 14

Chemotherapy to inhibit the progression of HIV infection utilizes all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  destruction of viral ribosomes. 
B)  inhibition of viral proteases. 
C)  termination of viral DNA. 
D)  blockage of viral attachment. 
E)  prohibition of viral integration into host cell DNA. 
A)  destruction of viral ribosomes. 
B)  inhibition of viral proteases. 
C)  termination of viral DNA. 
D)  blockage of viral attachment. 
E)  prohibition of viral integration into host cell DNA.

Question 15

The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  complement fixation. 
B)  cytokines. 
C)  destruction of the antigen. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  antibodies against self. 
A)  complement fixation. 
B)  cytokines. 
C)  destruction of the antigen. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  antibodies against self.

Question 16

All of the following are considered examples of type I hypersensitivity EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  pollen allergies. 
B)  penicillin allergic reactions. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  transplant rejections. 
E)  dust allergies. 
A)  pollen allergies. 
B)  penicillin allergic reactions. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  transplant rejections. 
E)  dust allergies.

Question 17

All of the following regarding "privileged sites" are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they include corneal and brain tissue. 
B)  they do not have lymphatic vessels. 
C)  they include any tissue transplanted from a pig. 
D)  they explain how animals tolerate pregnancies without rejecting the fetus. 
E)  they are rarely rejected. 
A)  they include corneal and brain tissue. 
B)  they do not have lymphatic vessels. 
C)  they include any tissue transplanted from a pig. 
D)  they explain how animals tolerate pregnancies without rejecting the fetus. 
E)  they are rarely rejected.

Question 18

All of the following are reasons why an HIV vaccination has not been developed EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  use of a weakened virus would potentially transmit the infection. 
B)  there is no known organism that can provide a model of natural immunity. 
C)  small and inexpensive animals for vaccine research are not available. 
D)  vaccines are not effective against viral infections. 
E)  HIV has a high mutation rate so one vaccination would not be effective to treat the world- wide pandemic. 
A)  use of a weakened virus would potentially transmit the infection. 
B)  there is no known organism that can provide a model of natural immunity. 
C)  small and inexpensive animals for vaccine research are not available. 
D)  vaccines are not effective against viral infections. 
E)  HIV has a high mutation rate so one vaccination would not be effective to treat the world- wide pandemic.

Exam 19: Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Xenotransplantation is an effective alternative to using isografts.

The number of T cells drops to below 200 cells/microliter in which phase of HIV infection?

Skin tests are reliable indicators for the diagnosis of food- related allergies.

Which of the following may result from systemic anaphylaxis?

All of the following are used to determine relatedness between a donor and a recipient for transplants EXCEPT

Worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is

During asymptomatic phase I of HIV disease, HIV infection is diagnosed by

All of the following pertain to serological tests EXCEPT

Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?

Which of the following statements about human embryonic stem cells is FALSE?

Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with

Rheumatoid arthritis is due to deposition of

The chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are

Chemotherapy to inhibit the progression of HIV infection utilizes all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to

All of the following are considered examples of type I hypersensitivity EXCEPT

All of the following regarding "privileged sites" are true EXCEPT

All of the following are reasons why an HIV vaccination has not been developed EXCEPT

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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