Question 1

Botulism and tetanus are caused by bacterial endospores commonly found in the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Autopsy of a stillborn fetus reveals the cause of death to be meningitis. The likely pathogen is
Haemophilus influenza.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

An eight- year- old girl in rural Wisconsin has chills, headache, and fever and reports having been bitten by mosquitoes. How would you confirm your diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  brain biopsy for Negri bodies 
B)  examination of local mosquitoes 
C)  Gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid 
D)  complement fixation test for IgG antibodies 
E)  ELISA test for IgM antibodies 
A)  brain biopsy for Negri bodies 
B)  examination of local mosquitoes 
C)  Gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid 
D)  complement fixation test for IgG antibodies 
E)  ELISA test for IgM antibodies

Question 4

Bacterial encephalitis and meningitis are difficult to treat because

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics damage nervous tissue. 
B)  the infections move along peripheral nerves. 
C)  no medications exist for treatment of these infections. 
D)  it is very difficult to determine the causative microbe. 
E)  many antibiotics cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier. 
A)  antibiotics damage nervous tissue. 
B)  the infections move along peripheral nerves. 
C)  no medications exist for treatment of these infections. 
D)  it is very difficult to determine the causative microbe. 
E)  many antibiotics cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

Question 5

The prodromal symptom(s) of bacterial meningitis is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  mild cold symptoms. 
B)  fever and headache. 
C)  stiff neck and back pains. 
D)  convulsions. 
E)  fever, headache, and stiff neck. 
A)  mild cold symptoms. 
B)  fever and headache. 
C)  stiff neck and back pains. 
D)  convulsions. 
E)  fever, headache, and stiff neck.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about leprosy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patients with leprosy must be isolated. 
B)  The etiologic agent is acid- fast. 
C)  Diagnosis is based on skin biopsy. 
D)  It is transmitted by direct contact. 
E)  It is rarely fatal. 
A)  Patients with leprosy must be isolated. 
B)  The etiologic agent is acid- fast. 
C)  Diagnosis is based on skin biopsy. 
D)  It is transmitted by direct contact. 
E)  It is rarely fatal.

Question 7

Which of the following vaccine characteristics is (are) mismatched?
$\begin{array}{c}
\begin{array}{lll}
 \text {Salk Vaccine}\
 \hline \text {1. Consists of a formalin- inactivated virus }\
 \text {2. Administered orally}\
 \text {3. Requires booster doses}
\end{array}
\begin{array}{lll}
 \text {Sabin Vaccine}\
  \hline\text {4. Consists of a live, attenuated polio virus }\
 \text {5. Administered orally}\
 \text {6. Frovides community immunity}
\end{array}
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 5, and 6 
B)  2 only 
C)  1 and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, and 3 
E)  None of the answers are correct; all these characteristics are correctly matched. 
A)  4, 5, and 6 
B)  2 only 
C)  1 and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, and 3 
E)  None of the answers are correct; all these characteristics are correctly matched.

Question 8

Arboviruses cause and are transmitted by .

Accepted Answer

A)  encephalitis; mosquitoes 
B)  meningitis; exposure to certain trees 
C)  encephalitis; exposure to certain trees 
D)  meningitis; mosquitoes 
E)  both meningitis and encephalitis; mosquitoes 
A)  encephalitis; mosquitoes 
B)  meningitis; exposure to certain trees 
C)  encephalitis; exposure to certain trees 
D)  meningitis; mosquitoes 
E)  both meningitis and encephalitis; mosquitoes

Question 9

All of the following are true regarding African trypanosomiasis EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  it is transmitted by the tsetse fly. 
B)  it is also known as "sleeping sickness." 
C)  all subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei have multiple hosts. 
D)  death ultimately occurs without proper treatment. 
E)  Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the more common cause of disease. 
A)  it is transmitted by the tsetse fly. 
B)  it is also known as "sleeping sickness." 
C)  all subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei have multiple hosts. 
D)  death ultimately occurs without proper treatment. 
E)  Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the more common cause of disease.

Question 10

All of the following are associated with botulism outbreaks EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  type B toxin is most virulent. 
B)  Alaskan natives have the highest rate of botulism. 
C)  type E toxin is associated with seafood. 
D)  endospores of C. botulinum have been recovered from honey. 
E)  antibodies are not an effective method of treatment. 
A)  type B toxin is most virulent. 
B)  Alaskan natives have the highest rate of botulism. 
C)  type E toxin is associated with seafood. 
D)  endospores of C. botulinum have been recovered from honey. 
E)  antibodies are not an effective method of treatment.

Question 11

Encephalitis is more common in the summer months because

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogens are present in swimming pools and lakes. 
B)  people encounter more bats during warm summer evenings. 
C)  ticks are encountered while hiking in the woods. 
D)  ameba populations increase in swimming pools. 
E)  mosquito populations increase. 
A)  pathogens are present in swimming pools and lakes. 
B)  people encounter more bats during warm summer evenings. 
C)  ticks are encountered while hiking in the woods. 
D)  ameba populations increase in swimming pools. 
E)  mosquito populations increase.

Question 12

All of the following are true of poliomyelitis EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  initial sites of viral replication are the throat and small intestine. 
B)  the oral polio vaccine contains attenuated strains of the virus. 
C)  the majority of cases are asymptomatic. 
D)  infection is due to ingestion of contaminated water. 
E)  most cases result in muscle paralysis. 
A)  initial sites of viral replication are the throat and small intestine. 
B)  the oral polio vaccine contains attenuated strains of the virus. 
C)  the majority of cases are asymptomatic. 
D)  infection is due to ingestion of contaminated water. 
E)  most cases result in muscle paralysis.

Question 13

A physician diagnoses a patient with lepromatous Hansen's disease. All of the following pertain to the patient EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the disease has progressed from the tuberculoid stage. 
B)  disfiguring nodules form all over the body. 
C)  a skin biopsy will be taken to aid diagnosis. 
D)  treatment will include injections of penicillin. 
E)  infection probably occurred as a result of prolonged contact with another infected individual. 
A)  the disease has progressed from the tuberculoid stage. 
B)  disfiguring nodules form all over the body. 
C)  a skin biopsy will be taken to aid diagnosis. 
D)  treatment will include injections of penicillin. 
E)  infection probably occurred as a result of prolonged contact with another infected individual.

Question 14

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  rabies virus - destroys cells of the CNS 
B)  leprosy - deformation of nose and hands can occur 
C)  poliomyelitis - multiplication of virus occurs in throat and small intestine 
D)  botulism - stimulates transmission of nerve impulse 
E)  tetanus - releases potent neurotoxin 
A)  rabies virus - destroys cells of the CNS 
B)  leprosy - deformation of nose and hands can occur 
C)  poliomyelitis - multiplication of virus occurs in throat and small intestine 
D)  botulism - stimulates transmission of nerve impulse 
E)  tetanus - releases potent neurotoxin

Question 15

All of the following are acquired by ingestion EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  listeriosis. 
B)  botulism. 
C)  Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease. 
D)  cryptococcosis. 
E)  poliomyelitis. 
A)  listeriosis. 
B)  botulism. 
C)  Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease. 
D)  cryptococcosis. 
E)  poliomyelitis.

Question 16

All of the following are true of M. leprae EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  it survives ingestion by macrophages. 
B)  it invades cells of the PNS. 
C)  it has a very short generation time of approximately twelve hours. 
D)  it grows best at temperatures below 37° C. 
E)  it can be cultured in armadillos. 
A)  it survives ingestion by macrophages. 
B)  it invades cells of the PNS. 
C)  it has a very short generation time of approximately twelve hours. 
D)  it grows best at temperatures below 37° C. 
E)  it can be cultured in armadillos.

Question 17

The most effective control of mosquito- borne disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  treatment of uninfected humans. 
B)  elimination of the mosquito population. 
C)  treatment of infected humans. 
D)  avoidance of endemic areas. 
E)  treatment of infected wild animals. 
A)  treatment of uninfected humans. 
B)  elimination of the mosquito population. 
C)  treatment of infected humans. 
D)  avoidance of endemic areas. 
E)  treatment of infected wild animals.

Question 18

Which of the following is a free- living amoeba that can cause encephalitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acanthamoeba 
B)  Entamoeba 
C)  Naegleria 
D)  Naegleria and Acanthamoeba 
E)  Entamoeba and Naegleria 
A)  Acanthamoeba 
B)  Entamoeba 
C)  Naegleria 
D)  Naegleria and Acanthamoeba 
E)  Entamoeba and Naegleria

Question 19

Initial treatment for tetanus in an unimmunized person with a puncture wound is

Accepted Answer

A)  tetanus immune globulin. 
B)  tetanus toxoid. 
C)  debridement. 
D)  none; no action is necessary. 
E)  penicillin. 
A)  tetanus immune globulin. 
B)  tetanus toxoid. 
C)  debridement. 
D)  none; no action is necessary. 
E)  penicillin.

Question 20

A 30- year- old woman was hospitalized after she experienced convulsions. On examination, she was alert and oriented and complained of a fever, headache, and stiff neck. Any of the following organisms could be responsible for her symptoms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium botulinum. 
B)  Haemophilus influenza. 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
E)  Any of these organisms could be the causative agent. 
A)  Clostridium botulinum. 
B)  Haemophilus influenza. 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
E)  Any of these organisms could be the causative agent.

Exam 22: Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Botulism and tetanus are caused by bacterial endospores commonly found in the soil.

Autopsy of a stillborn fetus reveals the cause of death to be meningitis. The likely pathogen is Haemophilus influenza.

An eight- year- old girl in rural Wisconsin has chills, headache, and fever and reports having been bitten by mosquitoes. How would you confirm your diagnosis?

Bacterial encephalitis and meningitis are difficult to treat because

The prodromal symptom(s) of bacterial meningitis is/are

Which of the following statements about leprosy is FALSE?

Which of the following vaccine characteristics is (are) mismatched? Salk Vaccine 1. Consists of a formalin- inactivated virus 2. Administered orally 3. Requires booster doses Sabin Vaccine 4. Consists of a live, attenuated polio virus 5. Administered orally 6. Frovides community immunity

Arboviruses cause and are transmitted by .

All of the following are true regarding African trypanosomiasis EXCEPT

All of the following are associated with botulism outbreaks EXCEPT

Encephalitis is more common in the summer months because

All of the following are true of poliomyelitis EXCEPT

A physician diagnoses a patient with lepromatous Hansen's disease. All of the following pertain to the patient EXCEPT

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

All of the following are acquired by ingestion EXCEPT

All of the following are true of M. leprae EXCEPT

The most effective control of mosquito- borne disease is

Which of the following is a free- living amoeba that can cause encephalitis?

Initial treatment for tetanus in an unimmunized person with a puncture wound is

A 30- year- old woman was hospitalized after she experienced convulsions. On examination, she was alert and oriented and complained of a fever, headache, and stiff neck. Any of the following organisms could be responsible for her symptoms EXCEPT

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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