Question 1

Formation of filtrate depends on a

Accepted Answer

A) pressure gradient. 
B) concentration gradient. 
C) volume gradient. 
D) temperature gradient. 
E) osmotic gradient. 
A) pressure gradient. 
B) concentration gradient. 
C) volume gradient. 
D) temperature gradient. 
E) osmotic gradient.

Question 2

Starting from the collecting duct,indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient.
(1)ascending limb
(2)distal convoluted tubule
(3)interstitial fluid
(4)collecting duct
(5)descending limb

Accepted Answer

A) 2,5,1,4,3 
B) 1,3,5,2,4 
C) 3,5,1,2,4 
D) 4,2,1,3,5 
E) 4,3,5,1,2 
A) 2,5,1,4,3 
B) 1,3,5,2,4 
C) 3,5,1,2,4 
D) 4,2,1,3,5 
E) 4,3,5,1,2

Question 3

Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure.This process of autoregulation is called the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) myogenic mechanism 
B) tubular secretion 
C) tubuloglomerular feedback 
D) glomerular filtration 
E) tubular reabsorption 
A) myogenic mechanism 
B) tubular secretion 
C) tubuloglomerular feedback 
D) glomerular filtration 
E) tubular reabsorption

Question 4

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance,it is necessary to know the

Accepted Answer

A) quantity of urine produced per minute. 
B) concentration of the cleared substance in the urine. 
C) concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
D) blood volume. 
E) quantity of urine produced per minute,the concentration of the cleared substance in the urine,and the concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
A) quantity of urine produced per minute. 
B) concentration of the cleared substance in the urine. 
C) concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
D) blood volume. 
E) quantity of urine produced per minute,the concentration of the cleared substance in the urine,and the concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.

Question 5

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1)decreased sympathetic stimulation
(2)increase in glomerulus filtration rate
(3)increase in arterial blood pressure
(4)increase in urine production
(5)afferent arterioles dilate

Accepted Answer

A) 1,3,5,2,4 
B) 3,2,1,5,4 
C) 2,3,5,1,4 
D) 3,1,5,2,4 
E) 3,2,5,4,1 
A) 1,3,5,2,4 
B) 3,2,1,5,4 
C) 2,3,5,1,4 
D) 3,1,5,2,4 
E) 3,2,5,4,1

Question 6

Renin converts

Accepted Answer

A) angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
B) angiotensin II to angiotensin I. 
C) angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D) angiotensin II to angiotensin III. 
E) angiotensinogen to angiotensin II. 
A) angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
B) angiotensin II to angiotensin I. 
C) angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D) angiotensin II to angiotensin III. 
E) angiotensinogen to angiotensin II.

Question 7

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) proximal convoluted tubule 
B) renal corpuscle 
C) loop of Henle 
D) distal convoluted tubule 
E) collecting duct 
A) proximal convoluted tubule 
B) renal corpuscle 
C) loop of Henle 
D) distal convoluted tubule 
E) collecting duct

Question 8

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical

Accepted Answer

A) active transport system. 
B) countercurrent system. 
C) cotransport system. 
D) sorting system. 
E) toy. 
A) active transport system. 
B) countercurrent system. 
C) cotransport system. 
D) sorting system. 
E) toy.

Question 9

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus. 
B) afferent arteriole. 
C) efferent arteriole. 
D) peritubular capillary. 
E) interlobular artery. 
A) glomerulus. 
B) afferent arteriole. 
C) efferent arteriole. 
D) peritubular capillary. 
E) interlobular artery.

Question 10

Filtrate reabsorption,which occurs regardless of the concentration and volume of urine produced,is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) active. 
B) obligatory. 
C) facultative. 
D) countercurrent. 
E) nonessential. 
A) active. 
B) obligatory. 
C) facultative. 
D) countercurrent. 
E) nonessential.

Question 11

Choose the one that does not belong.

Accepted Answer

A) loop of Henle 
B) glomerulus 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) proximal convoluted tubule 
E) Bowman's capsule 
A) loop of Henle 
B) glomerulus 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) proximal convoluted tubule 
E) Bowman's capsule

Question 12

The mechanism for concentration of urine is called the _____________ mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) countercurrent 
B) filtration 
C) secretion 
D) reabsorption 
E) concentration 
A) countercurrent 
B) filtration 
C) secretion 
D) reabsorption 
E) concentration

Question 13

Renal papillae drain into __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) minor calyces 
B) major calyces 
C) the renal pelvis 
D) renal columns 
E) the ureter 
A) minor calyces 
B) major calyces 
C) the renal pelvis 
D) renal columns 
E) the ureter

Question 14

In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?

Accepted Answer

A) end of proximal convoluted tubule 
B) tip of the loop of Henle 
C) end of distal convoluted tubule 
D) beginning of distal convoluted tubule 
E) descending loop of Henle 
A) end of proximal convoluted tubule 
B) tip of the loop of Henle 
C) end of distal convoluted tubule 
D) beginning of distal convoluted tubule 
E) descending loop of Henle

Question 15

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1)ureter
(2)renal pelvis
(3)calyx
(4)urinary bladder
(5)urethra

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,4,5 
B) 3,2,1,4,5 
C) 2,4,5,3,1 
D) 3,4,1,2,5 
E) 1,3,2,4,5 
A) 1,2,3,4,5 
B) 3,2,1,4,5 
C) 2,4,5,3,1 
D) 3,4,1,2,5 
E) 1,3,2,4,5

Question 16

The countercurrent multiplier system

Accepted Answer

A) is found in the collecting duct. 
B) is assisted by hormones. 
C) has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions. 
D) maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
E) has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions and maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
A) is found in the collecting duct. 
B) is assisted by hormones. 
C) has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions. 
D) maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
E) has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions and maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid.

Question 17

The tip of each renal pyramid is called

Accepted Answer

A) a nephron. 
B) a renal papilla. 
C) a renal column. 
D) a medullary ray. 
E) the apex. 
A) a nephron. 
B) a renal papilla. 
C) a renal column. 
D) a medullary ray. 
E) the apex.

Question 18

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of

Accepted Answer

A) constriction of afferent arterioles. 
B) sympathetic stimulation. 
C) aldosterone secretion. 
D) ADH secretion. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) constriction of afferent arterioles. 
B) sympathetic stimulation. 
C) aldosterone secretion. 
D) ADH secretion. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 19

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the

Accepted Answer

A) vasa recta. 
B) glomerulus. 
C) peritubular capillary. 
D) proximal convoluted capillary. 
E) efferent arteriole. 
A) vasa recta. 
B) glomerulus. 
C) peritubular capillary. 
D) proximal convoluted capillary. 
E) efferent arteriole.

Exam 26: Urinary System

Formation of filtrate depends on a

Starting from the collecting duct,indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient. (1)ascending limb (2)distal convoluted tubule (3)interstitial fluid (4)collecting duct (5)descending limb

Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure.This process of autoregulation is called the ____________________.

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance,it is necessary to know the

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1)decreased sympathetic stimulation (2)increase in glomerulus filtration rate (3)increase in arterial blood pressure (4)increase in urine production (5)afferent arterioles dilate

Renin converts

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the

Filtrate reabsorption,which occurs regardless of the concentration and volume of urine produced,is referred to as

Choose the one that does not belong.

The mechanism for concentration of urine is called the _____________ mechanism.

Renal papillae drain into __________________.

In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1)ureter (2)renal pelvis (3)calyx (4)urinary bladder (5)urethra

The countercurrent multiplier system

The tip of each renal pyramid is called

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the

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