Question 1

Increased aldosterone causes increased

Accepted Answer

A) urine volume. 
B) sodium secretion. 
C) potassium secretion. 
D) reabsorption of hydrogen ions. 
E) filtrate formation. 
A) urine volume. 
B) sodium secretion. 
C) potassium secretion. 
D) reabsorption of hydrogen ions. 
E) filtrate formation.

Question 2

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle,_____ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) 65% 
B) 75% 
C) 80% 
D) 95% 
E) 100% 
A) 65% 
B) 75% 
C) 80% 
D) 95% 
E) 100%

Question 3

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

Accepted Answer

A) filtrate volume increases. 
B) filtrate osmolality decreases. 
C) potassium is secreted from the cells. 
D) the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water. 
E) the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water. 
A) filtrate volume increases. 
B) filtrate osmolality decreases. 
C) potassium is secreted from the cells. 
D) the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water. 
E) the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water.

Question 4

The juxtamedullary nephrons

Accepted Answer

A) have long loops of Henle. 
B) are found next to the renal capsule. 
C) comprise 85% of all nephrons. 
D) have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla. 
E) have short loops of Henle. 
A) have long loops of Henle. 
B) are found next to the renal capsule. 
C) comprise 85% of all nephrons. 
D) have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla. 
E) have short loops of Henle.

Question 5

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes

Accepted Answer

A) renin. 
B) ADH. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) aldosterone. 
E) angiotensin. 
A) renin. 
B) ADH. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) aldosterone. 
E) angiotensin.

Question 6

The kidneys are located behind the ____________ membrane on the posterior side of the _______________ wall.

Accepted Answer

A) peritoneal; abdominal 
B) peritoneal; pelvic 
C) renal; abdominal 
D) renal; pelvic 
E) pleural; pelvic 
A) peritoneal; abdominal 
B) peritoneal; pelvic 
C) renal; abdominal 
D) renal; pelvic 
E) pleural; pelvic

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

A) vasoconstriction of arterioles 
B) increases thirst 
C) increases ADH secretion 
D) decreases peripheral resistance 
E) increases aldosterone secretion 
A) vasoconstriction of arterioles 
B) increases thirst 
C) increases ADH secretion 
D) decreases peripheral resistance 
E) increases aldosterone secretion

Question 8

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular

Accepted Answer

A) filtration. 
B) reabsorption. 
C) secretion. 
D) elimination. 
E) excretion. 
A) filtration. 
B) reabsorption. 
C) secretion. 
D) elimination. 
E) excretion.

Question 9

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

Accepted Answer

A) tubular secretion is a passive process; tubular reabsorption uses active transport. 
B) tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate. 
C) tubular reabsorption increases urine volume; tubular secretion decreases urine volume. 
D) tubular reabsorption occurs in Bowman's capsule; tubular secretion occurs in the peritubular capillary. 
E) tubular secretion moves materials from the filtrate into the blood; tubular reabsorption moves materials from the blood into the filtrate. 
A) tubular secretion is a passive process; tubular reabsorption uses active transport. 
B) tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate. 
C) tubular reabsorption increases urine volume; tubular secretion decreases urine volume. 
D) tubular reabsorption occurs in Bowman's capsule; tubular secretion occurs in the peritubular capillary. 
E) tubular secretion moves materials from the filtrate into the blood; tubular reabsorption moves materials from the blood into the filtrate.

Question 10

The visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

Accepted Answer

A) is part of the filtration membrane. 
B) is called endothelium. 
C) contains podocytes. 
D) is part of the filtration membrane and is called endothelium. 
E) is part of the filtration membrane and contains podocytes. 
A) is part of the filtration membrane. 
B) is called endothelium. 
C) contains podocytes. 
D) is part of the filtration membrane and is called endothelium. 
E) is part of the filtration membrane and contains podocytes.

Question 11

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by both the

Accepted Answer

A) proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
B) collecting duct and Bowman's capsule. 
C) loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle. 
E) loop of Henle only. 
A) proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
B) collecting duct and Bowman's capsule. 
C) loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle. 
E) loop of Henle only.

Question 12

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the

Accepted Answer

A) trigone. 
B) lamina propria. 
C) external urinary sphincter. 
D) internal urinary sphincter. 
E) involuntary portion of bladder control. 
A) trigone. 
B) lamina propria. 
C) external urinary sphincter. 
D) internal urinary sphincter. 
E) involuntary portion of bladder control.

Question 13

The renal corpuscle consists of

Accepted Answer

A) the renal pelvis and the renal tubules. 
B) the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C) Bowman's capsule and the renal pelvis. 
D) the proximal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus. 
E) afferent and efferent arteriole. 
A) the renal pelvis and the renal tubules. 
B) the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C) Bowman's capsule and the renal pelvis. 
D) the proximal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus. 
E) afferent and efferent arteriole.

Question 14

Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in

Accepted Answer

A) potassium. 
B) water content. 
C) glucose content. 
D) bicarbonate content. 
E) hydrogen ions. 
A) potassium. 
B) water content. 
C) glucose content. 
D) bicarbonate content. 
E) hydrogen ions.

Question 15

In glomerulonephritis,the permeability of the filtration membrane increases allowing proteins to cross the membrane.Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

A) increase in filtration volume 
B) anuria - no urine production 
C) necrosis of the renal corpuscle 
D) low protein levels in the filtrate 
E) no change in the filtrate 
A) increase in filtration volume 
B) anuria - no urine production 
C) necrosis of the renal corpuscle 
D) low protein levels in the filtrate 
E) no change in the filtrate

Question 16

All of the following are located in the renal cortex,except

Accepted Answer

A) collecting ducts. 
B) renal corpuscles. 
C) proximal convoluted tubules. 
D) distal convoluted tubules. 
E) afferent arteriole. 
A) collecting ducts. 
B) renal corpuscles. 
C) proximal convoluted tubules. 
D) distal convoluted tubules. 
E) afferent arteriole.

Question 17

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) arcuate artery 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) interlobular artery 
E) afferent arteriole 
A) glomerulus 
B) arcuate artery 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) interlobular artery 
E) afferent arteriole

Question 18

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate

Accepted Answer

A) hypertension. 
B) renal failure. 
C) decreased ADH secretion. 
D) decreased aldosterone secretion. 
E) fluid balance. 
A) hypertension. 
B) renal failure. 
C) decreased ADH secretion. 
D) decreased aldosterone secretion. 
E) fluid balance.

Question 19

The urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A) stores urine until it is voided. 
B) empties to the exterior via the ureters. 
C) contains a muscle called the trigone. 
D) is superior to the kidney. 
E) filters urine. 
A) stores urine until it is voided. 
B) empties to the exterior via the ureters. 
C) contains a muscle called the trigone. 
D) is superior to the kidney. 
E) filters urine.

Question 20

Arrange the following in correct order. (1)cotransport molecule binds to sodium and glucose
(2)establish sodium concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen
(3)sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell
(4)active transport of sodium from tubular cells to interstitial area

Accepted Answer

A) 2,1,3,4 
B) 4,2,1,3 
C) 1,3,4,2 
D) 2,4,1,3 
E) 1,2,3,4 
A) 2,1,3,4 
B) 4,2,1,3 
C) 1,3,4,2 
D) 2,4,1,3 
E) 1,2,3,4

Exam 26: Urinary System

Increased aldosterone causes increased

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle,_____ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

The juxtamedullary nephrons

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes

The kidneys are located behind the ____________ membrane on the posterior side of the _______________ wall.

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

The visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by both the

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the

The renal corpuscle consists of

Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in

In glomerulonephritis,the permeability of the filtration membrane increases allowing proteins to cross the membrane.Which of the following would you expect to observe?

All of the following are located in the renal cortex,except

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate

The urinary bladder

Arrange the following in correct order. (1)cotransport molecule binds to sodium and glucose (2)establish sodium concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen (3)sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell (4)active transport of sodium from tubular cells to interstitial area

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

Filters

The kidneys are located behind the membrane on the posterior side of the ___ wall.