Question 1

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb,potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

Accepted Answer

A) facilitated diffusion. 
B) cotransport. 
C) counter transport. 
D) active transport. 
E) simple diffusion. 
A) facilitated diffusion. 
B) cotransport. 
C) counter transport. 
D) active transport. 
E) simple diffusion.

Question 2

Angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A) is a potent vasodilator. 
B) stimulates aldosterone secretion. 
C) is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin. 
D) acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water. 
E) decreases blood pressure. 
A) is a potent vasodilator. 
B) stimulates aldosterone secretion. 
C) is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin. 
D) acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water. 
E) decreases blood pressure.

Question 3

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the

Accepted Answer

A) calyx tissue. 
B) renal papillae. 
C) renal columns. 
D) medullary rays. 
E) renal corpuscles. 
A) calyx tissue. 
B) renal papillae. 
C) renal columns. 
D) medullary rays. 
E) renal corpuscles.

Question 4

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Accepted Answer

A) is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron. 
B) passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute. 
C) can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate. 
D) can be secreted into the filtrate. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron. 
B) passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute. 
C) can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate. 
D) can be secreted into the filtrate. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 5

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Accepted Answer

A) lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli. 
B) the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption. 
C) permeable to water if ADH is present. 
D) impermeable to water. 
E) the site of water secretion. 
A) lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli. 
B) the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption. 
C) permeable to water if ADH is present. 
D) impermeable to water. 
E) the site of water secretion.

Question 6

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A) movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule 
B) urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid 
C) movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid 
D) active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct 
E) urea movement into the collecting duct 
A) movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule 
B) urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid 
C) movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid 
D) active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct 
E) urea movement into the collecting duct

Question 7

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Accepted Answer

A) high urea concentration in medulla 
B) active transport of solutes from ascending limb 
C) the vasa recta 
D) functions of the loop of Henle 
E) All of these choices are correct 
A) high urea concentration in medulla 
B) active transport of solutes from ascending limb 
C) the vasa recta 
D) functions of the loop of Henle 
E) All of these choices are correct

Question 8

A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A) ADH. 
B) glucose. 
C) inulin. 
D) protein. 
E) ammonia. 
A) ADH. 
B) glucose. 
C) inulin. 
D) protein. 
E) ammonia.

Question 9

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) loop of Henle 
C) collecting duct 
D) Bowman's capsule 
E) proximal convoluted tubule 
A) glomerulus 
B) loop of Henle 
C) collecting duct 
D) Bowman's capsule 
E) proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

What is tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A) The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood. 
B) The reabsorption of blood cells in the nephron into the body. 
C) The passage of water and ions into the filtrate during filtration in the nephron. 
D) The absorption of proteins into the filtrate which later becomes urine. 
E) The transport additional solutes from the blood into the filtrate by tubule cells. 
A) The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood. 
B) The reabsorption of blood cells in the nephron into the body. 
C) The passage of water and ions into the filtrate during filtration in the nephron. 
D) The absorption of proteins into the filtrate which later becomes urine. 
E) The transport additional solutes from the blood into the filtrate by tubule cells.

Question 11

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Accepted Answer

A) water can easily enter or leave. 
B) potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane. 
C) calcium ions are actively transported across the basal membrane. 
D) potassium is concentrated in the filtrate. 
E) the filtrate does not change. 
A) water can easily enter or leave. 
B) potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane. 
C) calcium ions are actively transported across the basal membrane. 
D) potassium is concentrated in the filtrate. 
E) the filtrate does not change.

Question 12

Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) urethra 
C) renal pelvis 
D) distal convoluted tubule 
E) collecting duct 
A) glomerulus 
B) urethra 
C) renal pelvis 
D) distal convoluted tubule 
E) collecting duct

Question 13

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A) podocytes 
B) macula densa 
C) glomerular endothelium 
D) the basement membrane 
E) parietal layer of Bowman's capsule 
A) podocytes 
B) macula densa 
C) glomerular endothelium 
D) the basement membrane 
E) parietal layer of Bowman's capsule

Question 14

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

Accepted Answer

A) loop of Henle. 
B) collecting duct. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) Bowman's capsule. 
A) loop of Henle. 
B) collecting duct. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) Bowman's capsule.

Question 15

The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

Accepted Answer

A) nephrons. 
B) podocytes. 
C) nephrocytes. 
D) juxtamedullary cells. 
E) macula densa. 
A) nephrons. 
B) podocytes. 
C) nephrocytes. 
D) juxtamedullary cells. 
E) macula densa.

Question 16

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the

Accepted Answer

A) urethra. 
B) ureter. 
C) calyces. 
D) renal columns. 
E) renal tubules. 
A) urethra. 
B) ureter. 
C) calyces. 
D) renal columns. 
E) renal tubules.

Question 17

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the

Accepted Answer

A) renal fraction. 
B) filtration fraction. 
C) glomerular filtration rate. 
D) clearance fraction. 
E) renal rate. 
A) renal fraction. 
B) filtration fraction. 
C) glomerular filtration rate. 
D) clearance fraction. 
E) renal rate.

Question 18

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

Accepted Answer

A) renal fraction. 
B) filtration fraction. 
C) clearance fraction. 
D) glomerular flow rate. 
E) cardiac fraction. 
A) renal fraction. 
B) filtration fraction. 
C) clearance fraction. 
D) glomerular flow rate. 
E) cardiac fraction.

Question 19

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) compression of the ureteral openings 
B) the external urethral sphincter 
C) the internal urethral sphincter 
D) the ureteral sphincters 
E) ureteral valves 
A) compression of the ureteral openings 
B) the external urethral sphincter 
C) the internal urethral sphincter 
D) the ureteral sphincters 
E) ureteral valves

Question 20

When sodium is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Accepted Answer

A) no energy is needed. 
B) glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time. 
C) Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell. 
D) water is countertransported by carrier molecules. 
E) water is secreted. 
A) no energy is needed. 
B) glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time. 
C) Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell. 
D) water is countertransported by carrier molecules. 
E) water is secreted.

Exam 26: Urinary System

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb,potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

Angiotensin II

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

What is tubular reabsorption?

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.

When sodium is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

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