Question 1

Passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by

Accepted Answer

A) the size of the capillary pores. 
B) the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes. 
C) the size of the proteins. 
D) filtration pressure. 
E) the size of the capillary pores,the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes,and the size of the proteins. 
A) the size of the capillary pores. 
B) the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes. 
C) the size of the proteins. 
D) filtration pressure. 
E) the size of the capillary pores,the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes,and the size of the proteins.

Question 2

Blood vessels,nerves,and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the

Accepted Answer

A) hilum. 
B) renal fascia. 
C) renal pelvis. 
D) renal capsule. 
E) renal pyramid. 
A) hilum. 
B) renal fascia. 
C) renal pelvis. 
D) renal capsule. 
E) renal pyramid.

Question 3

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 mL 
B) 300 mL 
C) 400 mL 
D) 500 mL 
A) 100 mL 
B) 300 mL 
C) 400 mL 
D) 500 mL

Question 4

Diuretics that inhibit sodium ion reabsorption are called

Accepted Answer

A) xanthines. 
B) osmotic diuretics. 
C) thiazide diuretics. 
D) carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E) ADH inhibitors. 
A) xanthines. 
B) osmotic diuretics. 
C) thiazide diuretics. 
D) carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E) ADH inhibitors.

Question 5

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) urine storage 
B) excretion of waste 
C) maintenance of fluid balance 
D) regulate synthesis of vitamin D 
E) regulate synthesis of RBCs 
A) urine storage 
B) excretion of waste 
C) maintenance of fluid balance 
D) regulate synthesis of vitamin D 
E) regulate synthesis of RBCs

Question 6

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

Accepted Answer

A) proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption. 
B) a high medullary concentration gradient. 
C) osmosis. 
D) rapid removal of filtrate. 
E) a low medullary concentration gradient. 
A) proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption. 
B) a high medullary concentration gradient. 
C) osmosis. 
D) rapid removal of filtrate. 
E) a low medullary concentration gradient.

Question 7

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

Accepted Answer

A) hilum. 
B) renal fascia. 
C) renal fat pad. 
D) renal capsule. 
E) renal cortex. 
A) hilum. 
B) renal fascia. 
C) renal fat pad. 
D) renal capsule. 
E) renal cortex.

Question 8

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing net filtration pressure. 
B) increasing capsular pressure. 
C) increasing glomerular capillary pressure. 
D) increasing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) increasing net filtration pressure. 
B) increasing capsular pressure. 
C) increasing glomerular capillary pressure. 
D) increasing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 9

Substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

Accepted Answer

A) urea with water. 
B) potassium with amino acids. 
C) amino acids with bicarbonate ions. 
D) glucose molecules with sodium ions. 
E) chloride with potassium. 
A) urea with water. 
B) potassium with amino acids. 
C) amino acids with bicarbonate ions. 
D) glucose molecules with sodium ions. 
E) chloride with potassium.

Question 10

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Accepted Answer

A) GFR increases 
B) GFR decreases 
C) GFR is not affected 
D) GFR increases,then decreases 
A) GFR increases 
B) GFR decreases 
C) GFR is not affected 
D) GFR increases,then decreases

Question 11

Aldosterone targets cells in the

Accepted Answer

A) proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) loop of Henle. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) glomerulus. 
E) collecting duct. 
A) proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) loop of Henle. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) glomerulus. 
E) collecting duct.

Question 12

Filtration slits is the name given to the

Accepted Answer

A) points where the afferent arterioles enter the renal corpuscle. 
B) openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries. 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule. 
D) basement membrane of the glomerular endothelium. 
E) active transport channels. 
A) points where the afferent arterioles enter the renal corpuscle. 
B) openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries. 
C) gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule. 
D) basement membrane of the glomerular endothelium. 
E) active transport channels.

Question 13

A countercurrent mechanism is in

Accepted Answer

A) the afferent and efferent arterioles. 
B) the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C) the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D) the loop of Henle only. 
E) both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta. 
A) the afferent and efferent arterioles. 
B) the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C) the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D) the loop of Henle only. 
E) both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.

Question 14

Voluntary micturition

Accepted Answer

A) involves higher brain centers. 
B) involves control of the internal sphincter. 
C) is a reflex action. 
D) is common in infants. 
E) involves control of smooth muscle. 
A) involves higher brain centers. 
B) involves control of the internal sphincter. 
C) is a reflex action. 
D) is common in infants. 
E) involves control of smooth muscle.

Question 15

With aging,a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Accepted Answer

A) increased bladder capacity. 
B) voluntary micturition. 
C) continuous dribbling of urine. 
D) uncontrollable micturition. 
E) lack of control of internal sphincter. 
A) increased bladder capacity. 
B) voluntary micturition. 
C) continuous dribbling of urine. 
D) uncontrollable micturition. 
E) lack of control of internal sphincter.

Question 16

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle.The result of giving this drug would be

Accepted Answer

A) increased urine output. 
B) decreased aldosterone production. 
C) decreased osmolality of the filtrate. 
D) increased osmolality of the urine. 
E) decreased urine volume. 
A) increased urine output. 
B) decreased aldosterone production. 
C) decreased osmolality of the filtrate. 
D) increased osmolality of the urine. 
E) decreased urine volume.

Question 17

Urea is

Accepted Answer

A) secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule. 
B) diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle. 
C) completely reabsorbed by the nephron. 
D) actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule. 
B) diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle. 
C) completely reabsorbed by the nephron. 
D) actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 18

Atrial natriuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A) promotes the secretion of ADH. 
B) is secreted by the posterior pituitary. 
C) causes the formation of concentrated urine. 
D) is secreted when atrial blood pressure increases. 
E) is secreted when atrial blood pressure decreases. 
A) promotes the secretion of ADH. 
B) is secreted by the posterior pituitary. 
C) causes the formation of concentrated urine. 
D) is secreted when atrial blood pressure increases. 
E) is secreted when atrial blood pressure decreases.

Question 19

Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A) the anterosuperior surface 
B) the anteroinferior surface 
C) the posteromedial surface 
D) the posterolateral surface 
A) the anterosuperior surface 
B) the anteroinferior surface 
C) the posteromedial surface 
D) the posterolateral surface

Question 20

The renal corpuscle connects to the

Accepted Answer

A) loop of Henle. 
B) collecting duct. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) renal convoluted tubule. 
E) proximal convoluted tubule. 
A) loop of Henle. 
B) collecting duct. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) renal convoluted tubule. 
E) proximal convoluted tubule.

Exam 26: Urinary System

Passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by

Blood vessels,nerves,and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Diuretics that inhibit sodium ion reabsorption are called

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

Substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Aldosterone targets cells in the

Filtration slits is the name given to the

A countercurrent mechanism is in

Voluntary micturition

With aging,a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle.The result of giving this drug would be

Urea is

Atrial natriuretic hormone

Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

The renal corpuscle connects to the

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