Question 1

As ADH production declines,

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular filtration increases. 
B) potassium reabsorption increases. 
C) reabsorption of water increases. 
D) the urine volume increases. 
E) the blood volume increases. 
A) glomerular filtration increases. 
B) potassium reabsorption increases. 
C) reabsorption of water increases. 
D) the urine volume increases. 
E) the blood volume increases. D

Question 2

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH.This causes increased water reabsorption in the

Accepted Answer

A) proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) loop of Henle. 
C) distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. 
D) calyces. 
E) urethra. 
A) proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) loop of Henle. 
C) distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. 
D) calyces. 
E) urethra. C

Question 3

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron,calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg
Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg
Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Accepted Answer

A) 110 mmHg 
B) 90 mmHg 
C) 50 mmHg 
D) 30 mmHg 
E) 20 mmHg 
A) 110 mmHg 
B) 90 mmHg 
C) 50 mmHg 
D) 30 mmHg 
E) 20 mmHg C

Question 4

Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ____ as well as the person's hematocrit.

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) PAH 
C) insulin 
D) aldosterone 
E) glucose 
A) ADH 
B) PAH 
C) insulin 
D) aldosterone 
E) glucose

Question 5

Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma clearance 
B) plasma osmolarity 
C) tubular maximum 
D) renal plasma flow 
E) glomerular filtration rate 
A) plasma clearance 
B) plasma osmolarity 
C) tubular maximum 
D) renal plasma flow 
E) glomerular filtration rate

Question 6

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of

Accepted Answer

A) gravity. 
B) a pressure gradient. 
C) a concentration gradient. 
D) peristaltic contractions. 
E) osmotic gradient. 
A) gravity. 
B) a pressure gradient. 
C) a concentration gradient. 
D) peristaltic contractions. 
E) osmotic gradient.

Question 7

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A) increased blood velocity 
B) decreased renin production 
C) increased plasma osmolality 
D) decreased aldosterone secretion 
E) decreased plasma osmolality 
A) increased blood velocity 
B) decreased renin production 
C) increased plasma osmolality 
D) decreased aldosterone secretion 
E) decreased plasma osmolality

Question 8

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased

Accepted Answer

A) ADH production. 
B) insulin production. 
C) aldosterone production. 
D) angiotensin II production. 
E) glucagon production. 
A) ADH production. 
B) insulin production. 
C) aldosterone production. 
D) angiotensin II production. 
E) glucagon production.

Question 9

The movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

Accepted Answer

A) filtration pressure. 
B) capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
C) glomerular capillary pressure. 
D) osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney. 
E) blood pressure. 
A) filtration pressure. 
B) capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
C) glomerular capillary pressure. 
D) osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney. 
E) blood pressure.

Question 10

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1)loop of Henle
(2)Bowman's capsule
(3)distal convoluted tubule
(4)proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,4 
B) 4,2,1,3 
C) 2,4,3,1 
D) 2,4,1,3 
E) 3,4,1,2 
A) 1,2,3,4 
B) 4,2,1,3 
C) 2,4,3,1 
D) 2,4,1,3 
E) 3,4,1,2

Question 11

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Accepted Answer

A) is necessary for normal kidney metabolism. 
B) causes the release of epinephrine from the kidney. 
C) decreases renal flow. 
D) increases filtration rate. 
E) does not alter filtration rate. 
A) is necessary for normal kidney metabolism. 
B) causes the release of epinephrine from the kidney. 
C) decreases renal flow. 
D) increases filtration rate. 
E) does not alter filtration rate.

Question 12

Consumption of alcohol increases urine production by

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the blood pressure. 
B) causing retention of sodium ions. 
C) inhibiting the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. 
D) stimulating the release of aldosterone from the adrenals. 
E) stimulating the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. 
A) decreasing the blood pressure. 
B) causing retention of sodium ions. 
C) inhibiting the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. 
D) stimulating the release of aldosterone from the adrenals. 
E) stimulating the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary.

Question 13

The micturition reflex is initiated by the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder 
B) stretching of the walls of the ureters 
C) relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder 
D) constriction of the external urinary sphincter 
E) relaxation of the external urinary sphincter 
A) stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder 
B) stretching of the walls of the ureters 
C) relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder 
D) constriction of the external urinary sphincter 
E) relaxation of the external urinary sphincter

Question 14

In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation,what is the response to an increase in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole?

Accepted Answer

A) constriction of the glomerulus 
B) dilation of the afferent arteriole 
C) dilation of the efferent arteriole 
D) constriction of the afferent arteriole 
A) constriction of the glomerulus 
B) dilation of the afferent arteriole 
C) dilation of the efferent arteriole 
D) constriction of the afferent arteriole

Question 15

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

Accepted Answer

A) nephrons. 
B) renal papillae. 
C) renal pyramids. 
D) renal columns. 
E) renal tubes. 
A) nephrons. 
B) renal papillae. 
C) renal pyramids. 
D) renal columns. 
E) renal tubes.

Question 16

Which of the following pairs of structures are the most similar in function?

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule. 
C) Distal convoluted tubule and ascending limb of the loop of Henle. 
D) Ascending limb and descending limb of the loop of Henle. 
A) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule. 
C) Distal convoluted tubule and ascending limb of the loop of Henle. 
D) Ascending limb and descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Question 17

What percent of filtrate becomes urine?

Accepted Answer

A) less than 1% 
B) 5% 
C) 10% 
D) 80% 
E) 90% 
A) less than 1% 
B) 5% 
C) 10% 
D) 80% 
E) 90%

Question 18

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa. 
B) podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells. 
C) the macula densa and the filtration membrane. 
D) juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane. 
E) glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
A) juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa. 
B) podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells. 
C) the macula densa and the filtration membrane. 
D) juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane. 
E) glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

Question 19

In glomerular nephritis,proteins and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

Accepted Answer

A) increased reabsorption of water. 
B) increased reabsorption of sodium. 
C) increased secretion of sodium. 
D) increased urine output. 
E) decreased urine output. 
A) increased reabsorption of water. 
B) increased reabsorption of sodium. 
C) increased secretion of sodium. 
D) increased urine output. 
E) decreased urine output.

Question 20

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

Accepted Answer

A) has a higher concentration of waste products (urea)than the original filtrate. 
B) may have lost up to 99% of its original volume. 
C) is called urine. 
D) has a higher concentration of waste products (urea)than the original filtrate,may have lost up to 99% of its original waste,and is called urine. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) has a higher concentration of waste products (urea)than the original filtrate. 
B) may have lost up to 99% of its original volume. 
C) is called urine. 
D) has a higher concentration of waste products (urea)than the original filtrate,may have lost up to 99% of its original waste,and is called urine. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Exam 26: Urinary System

As ADH production declines,

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH.This causes increased water reabsorption in the

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron,calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ____ as well as the person's hematocrit.

Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased

The movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1)loop of Henle (2)Bowman's capsule (3)distal convoluted tubule (4)proximal convoluted tubule

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Consumption of alcohol increases urine production by

The micturition reflex is initiated by the ____________.

In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation,what is the response to an increase in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole?

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

Which of the following pairs of structures are the most similar in function?

What percent of filtrate becomes urine?

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

In glomerular nephritis,proteins and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

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