Question 1

At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute,estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

A) 45 liters 
B) 90 liters 
C) 125 liters 
D) 180 liters 
E) 200 liters 
A) 45 liters 
B) 90 liters 
C) 125 liters 
D) 180 liters 
E) 200 liters

Question 2

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus. 
B) renal artery. 
C) macula densa. 
D) efferent arteriole. 
E) arcuate artery. 
A) glomerulus. 
B) renal artery. 
C) macula densa. 
D) efferent arteriole. 
E) arcuate artery.

Question 3

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the

Accepted Answer

A) cortex. 
B) medulla. 
C) pelvis. 
D) calyx. 
E) columns. 
A) cortex. 
B) medulla. 
C) pelvis. 
D) calyx. 
E) columns.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Most filtrate (99%)is eliminated as urine. 
B) Normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein. 
C) Reabsorption of water in the filtrate may be hormonally controlled. 
D) Sodium ions are secreted into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) Hormones play a minor role in fluid homeostasis. 
A) Most filtrate (99%)is eliminated as urine. 
B) Normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein. 
C) Reabsorption of water in the filtrate may be hormonally controlled. 
D) Sodium ions are secreted into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) Hormones play a minor role in fluid homeostasis.

Question 5

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in urine volume. 
B) an increase in urine volume. 
C) no change in urine volume. 
A) a decrease in urine volume. 
B) an increase in urine volume. 
C) no change in urine volume.

Question 6

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid,the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of:

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen ions. 
B) calcium. 
C) sodium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) potassium. 
A) hydrogen ions. 
B) calcium. 
C) sodium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) potassium.

Question 7

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) water 
C) protein 
D) sodium ions 
E) glucose 
A) urea 
B) water 
C) protein 
D) sodium ions 
E) glucose

Question 8

The openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called

Accepted Answer

A) fenestrae. 
B) gap junctions. 
C) filtration slits. 
D) macula densa. 
E) membrane channels. 
A) fenestrae. 
B) gap junctions. 
C) filtration slits. 
D) macula densa. 
E) membrane channels.

Question 9

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule,distal convoluted tubule,and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A) sodium and bicarbonate 
B) potassium and phosphate 
C) sodium and chloride 
D) bicarbonate and potassium 
E) potassium and chloride 
A) sodium and bicarbonate 
B) potassium and phosphate 
C) sodium and chloride 
D) bicarbonate and potassium 
E) potassium and chloride

Question 10

The renal papillae extend into the

Accepted Answer

A) cortex. 
B) renal columns. 
C) minor calyces. 
D) major calyces. 
A) cortex. 
B) renal columns. 
C) minor calyces. 
D) major calyces.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B) Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves. 
C) Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve. 
D) The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder. 
E) The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum. 
A) The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B) Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves. 
C) Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve. 
D) The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder. 
E) The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum.

Question 12

What muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

Accepted Answer

A) trigone 
B) internal urinary sphincter 
C) micturition mucle 
D) detrusor muscle 
A) trigone 
B) internal urinary sphincter 
C) micturition mucle 
D) detrusor muscle

Question 13

What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

Accepted Answer

A) the fundus 
B) the trigone 
C) the neck 
D) transitional epithelium 
A) the fundus 
B) the trigone 
C) the neck 
D) transitional epithelium

Question 14

A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must

Accepted Answer

A) pass freely through the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle. 
B) be readily reabsorbed. 
C) be either a protein or a polysaccharide. 
D) be secreted into the nephron. 
E) be produced in the kidney. 
A) pass freely through the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle. 
B) be readily reabsorbed. 
C) be either a protein or a polysaccharide. 
D) be secreted into the nephron. 
E) be produced in the kidney.

Question 15

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing tubular renin production. 
B) increasing tubular permeability. 
C) increasing osmosis into the tubule cells. 
D) increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for sodium. 
E) decreasing tubular permeability. 
A) increasing tubular renin production. 
B) increasing tubular permeability. 
C) increasing osmosis into the tubule cells. 
D) increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for sodium. 
E) decreasing tubular permeability.

Question 16

Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the

Accepted Answer

A) efferent arteriole. 
B) wall of the right atrium. 
C) proprioceptors. 
D) juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) efferent arteriole. 
B) wall of the right atrium. 
C) proprioceptors. 
D) juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 17

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus. 
B) ascending loop of Henle. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) descending loop of Henle. 
A) glomerulus. 
B) ascending loop of Henle. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) descending loop of Henle.

Question 18

The vasa recta

Accepted Answer

A) supplies blood to the glomerulus. 
B) alters the cortical solute gradient. 
C) collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid. 
D) collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) surrounds the collecting duct. 
A) supplies blood to the glomerulus. 
B) alters the cortical solute gradient. 
C) collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid. 
D) collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) surrounds the collecting duct.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) decrease in kidney size 
B) loss of nephrons 
C) decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume 
D) a marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasis 
A) decrease in kidney size 
B) loss of nephrons 
C) decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume 
D) a marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasis

Question 20

Effects of aging on the kidneys include all of the following,except

Accepted Answer

A) an increased ability to eliminate uric acid and creatine from the blood. 
B) a gradual decrease in the size of the kidneys. 
C) a gradual decrease in blood flow through the kidneys. 
D) a loss of general function. 
E) a decline in absorption and secretion. 
A) an increased ability to eliminate uric acid and creatine from the blood. 
B) a gradual decrease in the size of the kidneys. 
C) a gradual decrease in blood flow through the kidneys. 
D) a loss of general function. 
E) a decline in absorption and secretion.

Exam 26: Urinary System

At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute,estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the

Which of the following statements is true?

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid,the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of:

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

The openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule,distal convoluted tubule,and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

The renal papillae extend into the

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

What muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

The vasa recta

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Effects of aging on the kidneys include all of the following,except

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