Question 1

Sensible perspiration

Accepted Answer

A) contains only water. 
B) is water lost through simple evaporation. 
C) is secreted by the sweat glands. 
D) is invisible on the skin. 
E) is secreted by salivary glands. 
A) contains only water. 
B) is water lost through simple evaporation. 
C) is secreted by the sweat glands. 
D) is invisible on the skin. 
E) is secreted by salivary glands. C

Question 2

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Accepted Answer

A) cells to become more excitable. 
B) hyperpolarization of cell membranes. 
C) more action potentials to be generated. 
D) increased permeability of cell membranes. 
E) hypopolarization of cell membranes. 
A) cells to become more excitable. 
B) hyperpolarization of cell membranes. 
C) more action potentials to be generated. 
D) increased permeability of cell membranes. 
E) hypopolarization of cell membranes. B

Question 3

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A) decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney. 
B) increased secretion of potassium by the kidney. 
C) decreased reabsorption of sodium by the kidney. 
D) increased reabsorption of phosphate ions by the kidney. 
E) decreased secretion of potassium by the kidney. 
A) decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney. 
B) increased secretion of potassium by the kidney. 
C) decreased reabsorption of sodium by the kidney. 
D) increased reabsorption of phosphate ions by the kidney. 
E) decreased secretion of potassium by the kidney. B

Question 4

As the rate of sweat production increases,the amount of sodium lost in the urine

Accepted Answer

A) increases. 
B) decreases. 
C) remains the same. 
A) increases. 
B) decreases. 
C) remains the same.

Question 5

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes,such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Accepted Answer

A) Magnesium 
B) Calcium 
C) Hydrogen 
D) Carbonate 
E) Phosphate 
A) Magnesium 
B) Calcium 
C) Hydrogen 
D) Carbonate 
E) Phosphate

Question 6

Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

A) promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract. 
B) promotes osteoclast activity in the bones. 
C) reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys. 
D) reduces extracellular calcium ion levels. 
E) increases blood calcium levels. 
A) promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract. 
B) promotes osteoclast activity in the bones. 
C) reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys. 
D) reduces extracellular calcium ion levels. 
E) increases blood calcium levels.

Question 7

Renin is released by the

Accepted Answer

A) lungs. 
B) kidney. 
C) spleen. 
D) liver. 
E) pancreas. 
A) lungs. 
B) kidney. 
C) spleen. 
D) liver. 
E) pancreas.

Question 8

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions,which of the following will result?

Accepted Answer

A) acidosis 
B) alkalosis 
C) neither of these 
A) acidosis 
B) alkalosis 
C) neither of these

Question 9

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

Accepted Answer

A) renin. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
D) atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E) insulin. 
A) renin. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
D) atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E) insulin.

Question 10

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) protein 
B) bicarbonate 
C) chloride 
D) water volume 
E) hydrogen ions 
A) protein 
B) bicarbonate 
C) chloride 
D) water volume 
E) hydrogen ions

Question 11

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

Accepted Answer

A) thirst. 
B) vasodilatation. 
C) water movement into the cells. 
D) renal excretion of sodium. 
E) ADH production. 
A) thirst. 
B) vasodilatation. 
C) water movement into the cells. 
D) renal excretion of sodium. 
E) ADH production.

Question 12

What hormone regulates potassium levels,and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

A) Aldosterone; increases secretion of potassium 
B) Aldosterone; increases reabsorption of potassium 
C) ADH; increases secretion of potassium 
D) ADH; increases reabsorption of potassium 
E) ANH; increases reabsorption of potassium 
A) Aldosterone; increases secretion of potassium 
B) Aldosterone; increases reabsorption of potassium 
C) ADH; increases secretion of potassium 
D) ADH; increases reabsorption of potassium 
E) ANH; increases reabsorption of potassium

Question 13

Stimulus for the secretion of parathyroid hormone is a decrease in serum

Accepted Answer

A) potassium levels. 
B) calcium levels. 
C) calcitonin levels. 
D) phosphate levels. 
E) sodium levels. 
A) potassium levels. 
B) calcium levels. 
C) calcitonin levels. 
D) phosphate levels. 
E) sodium levels.

Question 14

Calcium balance is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A) ADH and parathyroid hormone levels. 
B) ADH and aldosterone levels. 
C) parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels. 
D) aldosterone and parathyroid hormone levels. 
E) insulin and glucagon. 
A) ADH and parathyroid hormone levels. 
B) ADH and aldosterone levels. 
C) parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels. 
D) aldosterone and parathyroid hormone levels. 
E) insulin and glucagon.

Question 15

Edema results when the amount of ___________ fluid increases.

Accepted Answer

A) interstitial 
B) intracellular 
C) plasma 
D) cerebrospinal 
E) synovial 
A) interstitial 
B) intracellular 
C) plasma 
D) cerebrospinal 
E) synovial

Question 16

Sodium homeostasis leads to the homeostasis of ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) chloride 
B) hydrogen 
C) calcium 
D) potassium 
E) magnesium 
A) chloride 
B) hydrogen 
C) calcium 
D) potassium 
E) magnesium

Question 17

The sensation of thirst results from

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the plasma volume. 
B) hypertension (increased blood pressure). 
C) stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus. 
D) a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E) stimulation of baroreceptors. 
A) an increase in the plasma volume. 
B) hypertension (increased blood pressure). 
C) stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus. 
D) a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E) stimulation of baroreceptors.

Question 18

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions)is the

Accepted Answer

A) skin. 
B) kidney. 
C) GI tract. 
D) adrenal cortex. 
E) sweat. 
A) skin. 
B) kidney. 
C) GI tract. 
D) adrenal cortex. 
E) sweat.

Question 19

Increased osmolality of the ECF

Accepted Answer

A) increases thirst. 
B) inhibits ADH. 
C) increases renin secretion. 
D) increases aldosterone secretion. 
E) decreases thirst. 
A) increases thirst. 
B) inhibits ADH. 
C) increases renin secretion. 
D) increases aldosterone secretion. 
E) decreases thirst.

Question 20

Chloride ions

Accepted Answer

A) are cations. 
B) are found only inside cells. 
C) are part of the DNA molecule. 
D) are regulated with Na+. 
E) are not found in extracellular fluid. 
A) are cations. 
B) are found only inside cells. 
C) are part of the DNA molecule. 
D) are regulated with Na+. 
E) are not found in extracellular fluid.

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Sensible perspiration

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

As the rate of sweat production increases,the amount of sodium lost in the urine

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes,such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Calcitonin

Renin is released by the

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions,which of the following will result?

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

What hormone regulates potassium levels,and how does it work?

Stimulus for the secretion of parathyroid hormone is a decrease in serum

Calcium balance is influenced by

Edema results when the amount of ___________ fluid increases.

Sodium homeostasis leads to the homeostasis of ________________.

The sensation of thirst results from

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions)is the

Increased osmolality of the ECF

Chloride ions

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

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Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

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Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

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Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

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