Question 1

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis. 
B) filtration. 
C) facilitated diffusion. 
D) active transport. 
E) endocytosis. 
A) osmosis. 
B) filtration. 
C) facilitated diffusion. 
D) active transport. 
E) endocytosis.

Question 2

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of ___________ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium ___________ in the kidney tubules.

Accepted Answer

A) osteoclast; reabsorption 
B) osteoblast; reabsorption 
C) osteocyte; reabsorption 
D) osteocyte; secretion 
E) osteoblast; secretion 
A) osteoclast; reabsorption 
B) osteoblast; reabsorption 
C) osteocyte; reabsorption 
D) osteocyte; secretion 
E) osteoblast; secretion

Question 3

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

Accepted Answer

A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) chloride. 
D) phosphate. 
E) hydrogen ion. 
A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) chloride. 
D) phosphate. 
E) hydrogen ion.

Question 4

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A) hyperkalemia. 
B) hypercalcemia. 
C) hypernatremia. 
D) increased urine volume. 
E) hyponatremia. 
A) hyperkalemia. 
B) hypercalcemia. 
C) hypernatremia. 
D) increased urine volume. 
E) hyponatremia.

Question 5

The predominant intracellular cation is

Accepted Answer

A) potassium. 
B) sodium. 
C) calcium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) chloride. 
A) potassium. 
B) sodium. 
C) calcium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) chloride.

Question 6

The predominant extracellular anion is

Accepted Answer

A) protein. 
B) phosphate. 
C) bicarbonate. 
D) chloride. 
E) sodium. 
A) protein. 
B) phosphate. 
C) bicarbonate. 
D) chloride. 
E) sodium.

Question 7

Calcium's roles in the body include

Accepted Answer

A) bone health. 
B) muscle contraction. 
C) blood clotting. 
D) action potentials in heart muscle. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) bone health. 
B) muscle contraction. 
C) blood clotting. 
D) action potentials in heart muscle. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A) alkalosis - hypokalemia 
B) cell destruction - hypokalemia 
C) increased secretion of aldosterone - hyperkalemia 
D) overuse of diuretics - hyperkalemia 
E) acidosis - hypokalemia 
A) alkalosis - hypokalemia 
B) cell destruction - hypokalemia 
C) increased secretion of aldosterone - hyperkalemia 
D) overuse of diuretics - hyperkalemia 
E) acidosis - hypokalemia

Question 9

Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ___________ ions can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen 
B) potassium 
C) sodium 
D) phosphate 
E) glucose 
A) hydrogen 
B) potassium 
C) sodium 
D) phosphate 
E) glucose

Question 10

The normal pH for blood plasma is

Accepted Answer

A) 7.00. 
B) 7.25 - 7.35. 
C) 7.35 - 7.45. 
D) 7.45 - 7.55. 
E) 6.80 - 7.20. 
A) 7.00. 
B) 7.25 - 7.35. 
C) 7.35 - 7.45. 
D) 7.45 - 7.55. 
E) 6.80 - 7.20.

Question 11

A decrease in plasma osmolality would increase

Accepted Answer

A) ADH production. 
B) plasma sodium levels. 
C) renin production. 
D) urine production. 
E) thirst. 
A) ADH production. 
B) plasma sodium levels. 
C) renin production. 
D) urine production. 
E) thirst.

Question 12

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma 
B) intracellular fluid 
C) interstitial fluid 
D) lymph 
A) plasma 
B) intracellular fluid 
C) interstitial fluid 
D) lymph

Question 13

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Accepted Answer

A) increases plasma osmolality. 
B) is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
C) increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
D) causes the production of a large volume of urine. 
E) increases urine volume. 
A) increases plasma osmolality. 
B) is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
C) increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
D) causes the production of a large volume of urine. 
E) increases urine volume.

Question 14

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic acidosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) respiratory alkalosis. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) metabolic acidosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) respiratory alkalosis. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 15

Most of the calcium in the body is in the

Accepted Answer

A) bones. 
B) plasma. 
C) kidneys. 
D) GI tract. 
E) extracellular fluid. 
A) bones. 
B) plasma. 
C) kidneys. 
D) GI tract. 
E) extracellular fluid.

Question 16

When blood pH decreases,which of the following occurs to correct the imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A) The respiratory center increases the breathing rate. 
B) The respiratory center decreases the breathing rate. 
C) Less carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs. 
D) More carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs. 
E) The carbonic acid/bicarbonate equation is driven to the right. 
A) The respiratory center increases the breathing rate. 
B) The respiratory center decreases the breathing rate. 
C) Less carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs. 
D) More carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs. 
E) The carbonic acid/bicarbonate equation is driven to the right.

Question 17

Hyperventilation of the lungs can lead to ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory acidosis 
B) Respiratory alkalosis 
C) Metabolic acidosis 
D) Metabolic alkalosis 
E) Respiratory shock 
A) Respiratory acidosis 
B) Respiratory alkalosis 
C) Metabolic acidosis 
D) Metabolic alkalosis 
E) Respiratory shock

Question 18

Parathyroid hormone effects the

Accepted Answer

A) bones,heart,and blood. 
B) kidney,liver,and spleen. 
C) intestine,kidneys,and bone. 
D) liver,stomach,and small intestine. 
E) stomach,pancreas,and bone. 
A) bones,heart,and blood. 
B) kidney,liver,and spleen. 
C) intestine,kidneys,and bone. 
D) liver,stomach,and small intestine. 
E) stomach,pancreas,and bone.

Question 19

What is the main role of magnesium ions in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) muscle contraction 
B) nerve impulse 
C) blood clotting 
D) cofactors for intracellular enzymes 
A) muscle contraction 
B) nerve impulse 
C) blood clotting 
D) cofactors for intracellular enzymes

Question 20

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

A) high intake of sodium 
B) increased aldosterone production 
C) increased urine output 
D) decreased aldosterone production 
E) decreased ADH production 
A) high intake of sodium 
B) increased aldosterone production 
C) increased urine output 
D) decreased aldosterone production 
E) decreased ADH production

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of ___________ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium ___________ in the kidney tubules.

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

The predominant intracellular cation is

The predominant extracellular anion is

Calcium's roles in the body include

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ___________ ions can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

The normal pH for blood plasma is

A decrease in plasma osmolality would increase

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

Most of the calcium in the body is in the

When blood pH decreases,which of the following occurs to correct the imbalance?

Hyperventilation of the lungs can lead to ______________________.

Parathyroid hormone effects the

What is the main role of magnesium ions in the body?

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

Filters

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of _ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium _ in the kidney tubules.