Question 1

Once alkalosis has occurred,which of the following would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) increased respiratory rate 
B) a plasma pH less than 7.40 
C) retention of hydrogen ions by the kidney 
D) increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate ions 
E) secretion of hydrogen ions by the kidney 
A) increased respiratory rate 
B) a plasma pH less than 7.40 
C) retention of hydrogen ions by the kidney 
D) increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate ions 
E) secretion of hydrogen ions by the kidney

Question 2

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Accepted Answer

A) baroreceptors. 
B) chemoreceptors. 
C) osmoreceptors. 
D) pressoreceptors. 
E) proprioreceptors. 
A) baroreceptors. 
B) chemoreceptors. 
C) osmoreceptors. 
D) pressoreceptors. 
E) proprioreceptors.

Question 3

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Accepted Answer

A) blood osmolality. 
B) aldosterone production. 
C) blood pressure in atria of heart. 
D) blood pressure in kidney's afferent arterioles. 
E) blood pressure in the ventricles of the heart. 
A) blood osmolality. 
B) aldosterone production. 
C) blood pressure in atria of heart. 
D) blood pressure in kidney's afferent arterioles. 
E) blood pressure in the ventricles of the heart.

Question 4

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

Accepted Answer

A) 3-year-old male 
B) 15-year-old male 
C) 35-year-old male 
D) 35-year-old female 
E) 50-year-old male 
A) 3-year-old male 
B) 15-year-old male 
C) 35-year-old male 
D) 35-year-old female 
E) 50-year-old male

Question 5

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Accepted Answer

A) cells to become more excitable. 
B) hyperpolarization of cell membranes. 
C) more action potentials to be generated. 
D) increased permeability of cell membranes. 
E) hypopolarization of cell membranes. 
A) cells to become more excitable. 
B) hyperpolarization of cell membranes. 
C) more action potentials to be generated. 
D) increased permeability of cell membranes. 
E) hypopolarization of cell membranes.

Question 6

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Accepted Answer

A) increased rate of bone resorption. 
B) increased rate of vitamin D degradation. 
C) increased concentration of potassium ions in the urine. 
D) increased rate of calcium ion excretion by the kidneys. 
E) decreased levels of blood calcium. 
A) increased rate of bone resorption. 
B) increased rate of vitamin D degradation. 
C) increased concentration of potassium ions in the urine. 
D) increased rate of calcium ion excretion by the kidneys. 
E) decreased levels of blood calcium.

Question 7

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma 
B) interstitial compartment 
C) intracellular compartment 
D) extracellular compartment 
E) lymph 
A) plasma 
B) interstitial compartment 
C) intracellular compartment 
D) extracellular compartment 
E) lymph

Question 8

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema,indicate

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic acidosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) respiratory alkalosis. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) metabolic acidosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) respiratory alkalosis. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 9

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Accepted Answer

A) acidosis 
B) pH increases 
C) H+ ion concentration increases 
D) carbonic acid levels increase 
E) pH decreases 
A) acidosis 
B) pH increases 
C) H+ ion concentration increases 
D) carbonic acid levels increase 
E) pH decreases

Question 10

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n)____ in H+ ions and a(n)____ in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) decrease,decrease 
B) decrease,increase 
C) increase,increase 
D) increase,decrease 
E) increase,no change 
A) decrease,decrease 
B) decrease,increase 
C) increase,increase 
D) increase,decrease 
E) increase,no change

Question 11

pH

Accepted Answer

A) increases with acidity. 
B) is measured on a scale of 0 to 10. 
C) is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
D) reflects sodium content of body fluids. 
E) is not related to amounts of carbon dioxide in the body. 
A) increases with acidity. 
B) is measured on a scale of 0 to 10. 
C) is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
D) reflects sodium content of body fluids. 
E) is not related to amounts of carbon dioxide in the body.

Question 12

The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is _________________.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium 
B) potassium 
C) chloride 
D) calcium 
E) magnesium 
A) sodium 
B) potassium 
C) chloride 
D) calcium 
E) magnesium

Question 13

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the

Accepted Answer

A) liver. 
B) kidneys. 
C) pancreas. 
D) small intestine. 
E) large intestine. 
A) liver. 
B) kidneys. 
C) pancreas. 
D) small intestine. 
E) large intestine.

Question 14

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia.Low plasma K+ levels will cause

Accepted Answer

A) thirst. 
B) muscle weakness. 
C) increased body temperature. 
D) tremors,tetany,and convulsions. 
E) paralysis. 
A) thirst. 
B) muscle weakness. 
C) increased body temperature. 
D) tremors,tetany,and convulsions. 
E) paralysis.

Question 15

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ____________ in thirst sensations.

Accepted Answer

A) a temporary interruption 
B) a tremendous increase 
C) an increase in blood osmolarity and an increase 
D) an increase in blood osmolarity and a decrease 
A) a temporary interruption 
B) a tremendous increase 
C) an increase in blood osmolarity and an increase 
D) an increase in blood osmolarity and a decrease

Question 16

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is

Accepted Answer

A) blood pressure. 
B) positive interstitial pressure. 
C) blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
D) critical closing pressure. 
E) lymph pressure. 
A) blood pressure. 
B) positive interstitial pressure. 
C) blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
D) critical closing pressure. 
E) lymph pressure.

Question 17

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A) vasoconstriction of blood vessels 
B) increase ADH secretion 
C) decrease aldosterone secretion 
D) increase the release of atrial natriuretic hormone 
E) increase aldosterone secretion 
A) vasoconstriction of blood vessels 
B) increase ADH secretion 
C) decrease aldosterone secretion 
D) increase the release of atrial natriuretic hormone 
E) increase aldosterone secretion

Question 18

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A) hyperkalemia. 
B) hypercalcemia. 
C) hypernatremia. 
D) increased urine volume. 
E) hyponatremia. 
A) hyperkalemia. 
B) hypercalcemia. 
C) hypernatremia. 
D) increased urine volume. 
E) hyponatremia.

Question 19

The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

Accepted Answer

A) potassium mainly intracellular; sodium mainly in extracellular. 
B) sodium mainly intracellular; potassium mainly in extracellular. 
C) little of either intracellular but large amounts of both extracellular. 
D) equal amounts of both ions,in both intracellular and extracellular fluids. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) potassium mainly intracellular; sodium mainly in extracellular. 
B) sodium mainly intracellular; potassium mainly in extracellular. 
C) little of either intracellular but large amounts of both extracellular. 
D) equal amounts of both ions,in both intracellular and extracellular fluids. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 20

Mr.I.M.A.Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2.Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in respiration rate 
B) a decrease in respiration rate 
C) no change in respiration rate 
A) an increase in respiration rate 
B) a decrease in respiration rate 
C) no change in respiration rate

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Once alkalosis has occurred,which of the following would you expect to happen?

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema,indicate

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n)____ in H+ ions and a(n)____ in blood pH.

pH

The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is _________________.

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia.Low plasma K+ levels will cause

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ____________ in thirst sensations.

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

Mr.I.M.A.Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2.Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

Filters

An increase in blood CO₂ levels is followed by a(n) in H⁺ ions and a(n) in blood pH.

The K⁺ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia.Low plasma K⁺ levels will cause