Question 1

In renal compensation of acidosis,

Accepted Answer

A) H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion increases. 
B) H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases. 
C) H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases. 
D) H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate excretion increases. 
E) H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion decreases. 
A) H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion increases. 
B) H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases. 
C) H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases. 
D) H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate excretion increases. 
E) H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion decreases.

Question 2

The predominant extracellular cation is

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate. 
B) sodium. 
C) chloride. 
D) potassium. 
E) hydrogen ion. 
A) bicarbonate. 
B) sodium. 
C) chloride. 
D) potassium. 
E) hydrogen ion.

Question 3

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Accepted Answer

A) lungs. 
B) urine. 
C) mouth. 
D) skin. 
E) GI tract. 
A) lungs. 
B) urine. 
C) mouth. 
D) skin. 
E) GI tract.

Question 4

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic acidosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) respiratory alkalosis. 
E) None of these choices is correct. 
A) metabolic acidosis. 
B) metabolic alkalosis. 
C) respiratory acidosis. 
D) respiratory alkalosis. 
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 5

When aldosterone is absent,sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

Accepted Answer

A) greatly increased. 
B) greatly decreased. 
C) unchanged. 
A) greatly increased. 
B) greatly decreased. 
C) unchanged.

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in the extracellular potassium ion concentration leads to depolarization. 
B) Potassium ions are secreted into the nephron by the distal convoluted tubule. 
C) When aldosterone levels are high,potassium secretion is low. 
D) Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by high blood levels of potassium ions. 
E) None of these choices is false. 
A) An increase in the extracellular potassium ion concentration leads to depolarization. 
B) Potassium ions are secreted into the nephron by the distal convoluted tubule. 
C) When aldosterone levels are high,potassium secretion is low. 
D) Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by high blood levels of potassium ions. 
E) None of these choices is false.

Question 7

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases,bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Accepted Answer

A) removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma. 
B) releasing hydrogen ions into the plasma. 
C) dissociating into H+ and CO3-. 
D) combining with chloride ions. 
E) combining with hemoglobin. 
A) removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma. 
B) releasing hydrogen ions into the plasma. 
C) dissociating into H+ and CO3-. 
D) combining with chloride ions. 
E) combining with hemoglobin.

Question 8

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

Accepted Answer

A) asphyxia. 
B) asthma. 
C) severe emphysema. 
D) hyperventilation. 
E) hypoventilation. 
A) asphyxia. 
B) asthma. 
C) severe emphysema. 
D) hyperventilation. 
E) hypoventilation.

Question 9

Which of the following represents the largest fluid compartment?

Accepted Answer

A) Intracellular fluid 
B) Extracellular fluid 
C) Interstitial fluid 
D) Blood plasma 
E) Lymph 
A) Intracellular fluid 
B) Extracellular fluid 
C) Interstitial fluid 
D) Blood plasma 
E) Lymph

Question 10

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Accepted Answer

A) urine volume. 
B) ADH secretion. 
C) aldosterone secretion. 
D) the reabsorption of sodium ions. 
E) blood volume. 
A) urine volume. 
B) ADH secretion. 
C) aldosterone secretion. 
D) the reabsorption of sodium ions. 
E) blood volume.

Question 11

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) ADH. 
B) PTH. 
C) calcitonin. 
D) aldosterone. 
E) insulin. 
A) ADH. 
B) PTH. 
C) calcitonin. 
D) aldosterone. 
E) insulin.

Question 12

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Accepted Answer

A) vomiting. 
B) increased dietary intake. 
C) increased urinary output. 
D) cellular injury or death. 
E) diarrhea. 
A) vomiting. 
B) increased dietary intake. 
C) increased urinary output. 
D) cellular injury or death. 
E) diarrhea.

Question 13

Extracellular fluid has a

Accepted Answer

A) higher protein content than intracellular fluid. 
B) higher potassium content than intracellular fluid. 
C) higher sodium content than intracellular fluid. 
D) higher magnesium content than intracellular fluid 
E) higher number of large organic molecules than intracellular fluid. 
A) higher protein content than intracellular fluid. 
B) higher potassium content than intracellular fluid. 
C) higher sodium content than intracellular fluid. 
D) higher magnesium content than intracellular fluid 
E) higher number of large organic molecules than intracellular fluid.

Question 14

Azetazolamide (Diamox)is a diuretic.It functions by blocking the activity of carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells.This slows the formation of carbonic acid.By slowing the formation of hydrogen ions in the cells of the tubule,sodium reabsorption is also slowed.This results in the diuretic effect.Select from the following list the possible side-effects of Azetazolamide. (1)acidosis
(2)reduced movement of bicarbonate ion into the plasma
(3)an alkaline urine is produced
(4)respiration increases

Accepted Answer

A) 1,4 
B) 2,3 
C) 1,2,3 
D) 2,3,4 
E) 1,2,3,4 
A) 1,4 
B) 2,3 
C) 1,2,3 
D) 2,3,4 
E) 1,2,3,4

Question 15

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n)___________ in the secretion of ADH and a(n)____________ in thirst.

Accepted Answer

A) increase; increase 
B) increase; decrease 
C) decrease; decrease 
D) decrease; increase 
A) increase; increase 
B) increase; decrease 
C) decrease; decrease 
D) decrease; increase

Question 16

Under normal conditions,most water loss from the body is through the

Accepted Answer

A) skin. 
B) kidneys. 
C) lungs. 
D) GI tract. 
E) sweat. 
A) skin. 
B) kidneys. 
C) lungs. 
D) GI tract. 
E) sweat.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Accepted Answer

A) Regulation of the pH of the intracellular environment 
B) Regulating pH changes of the blood during exercise 
C) Regulation of blood pH during elevated fat matabolism 
D) Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the respiratory system 
E) Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the kidneys 
A) Regulation of the pH of the intracellular environment 
B) Regulating pH changes of the blood during exercise 
C) Regulation of blood pH during elevated fat matabolism 
D) Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the respiratory system 
E) Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the kidneys

Question 18

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

Accepted Answer

A) buffers. 
B) inhibitors. 
C) accelerators. 
D) activators. 
E) stabilizers. 
A) buffers. 
B) inhibitors. 
C) accelerators. 
D) activators. 
E) stabilizers.

Question 19

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat.Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink.You would expect

Accepted Answer

A) your blood osmolality to be low. 
B) an increase in the production of urine. 
C) aldosterone levels to decrease. 
D) ADH levels to increase. 
E) ADH levels to decrease. 
A) your blood osmolality to be low. 
B) an increase in the production of urine. 
C) aldosterone levels to decrease. 
D) ADH levels to increase. 
E) ADH levels to decrease.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus 
B) arterial baroreceptors 
C) juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D) mouth mucosa 
A) osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus 
B) arterial baroreceptors 
C) juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D) mouth mucosa

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

In renal compensation of acidosis,

The predominant extracellular cation is

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

When aldosterone is absent,sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases,bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

Which of the following represents the largest fluid compartment?

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Extracellular fluid has a

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n)___________ in the secretion of ADH and a(n)____________ in thirst.

Under normal conditions,most water loss from the body is through the

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat.Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink.You would expect

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

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An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n)_ in the secretion of ADH and a(n)__ in thirst.