Question 1

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) excess excitability of kalems. 
B) reduction of plasma calcium level. 
C) increase in plasma potassium level. 
D) increase in plasma sodium level. 
E) decrease in plasma potassium level. 
A) excess excitability of kalems. 
B) reduction of plasma calcium level. 
C) increase in plasma potassium level. 
D) increase in plasma sodium level. 
E) decrease in plasma potassium level.

Question 2

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Accepted Answer

A) ammonia 
B) bicarbonate ions 
C) phosphate ions 
D) ammonia and bicarbonate ions 
E) ammonia,bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions 
A) ammonia 
B) bicarbonate ions 
C) phosphate ions 
D) ammonia and bicarbonate ions 
E) ammonia,bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions

Question 3

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma 
B) interstitial 
C) intracellular 
D) extracellular 
E) cytoplasm 
A) plasma 
B) interstitial 
C) intracellular 
D) extracellular 
E) cytoplasm

Question 4

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in urine volume 
B) an increase in urine osmolality 
C) an increase in ADH production 
D) increased aldosterone secretion 
E) a decrease in urine volume 
A) an increase in urine volume 
B) an increase in urine osmolality 
C) an increase in ADH production 
D) increased aldosterone secretion 
E) a decrease in urine volume

Question 5

What cell structure regulates the composition of the intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma membrane 
B) Cell wall 
C) Endoplasmic reticulum 
D) Ribosomes 
E) Nucleus 
A) Plasma membrane 
B) Cell wall 
C) Endoplasmic reticulum 
D) Ribosomes 
E) Nucleus

Question 6

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A) increased renal blood flow 
B) increased blood osmolality 
C) increased atrial natriuretic hormone production 
D) increased blood pressure 
E) decreased blood osmolality 
A) increased renal blood flow 
B) increased blood osmolality 
C) increased atrial natriuretic hormone production 
D) increased blood pressure 
E) decreased blood osmolality

Question 7

In hypocalcemia,

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization is prevented. 
B) PTH production is reduced. 
C) blood calcium levels are increased. 
D) neuromuscular excitability increases. 
E) neuromuscular excitability decreases. 
A) depolarization is prevented. 
B) PTH production is reduced. 
C) blood calcium levels are increased. 
D) neuromuscular excitability increases. 
E) neuromuscular excitability decreases.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) NaCl buffer system 
E) hemoglobin buffer 
A) bicarbonate buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) NaCl buffer system 
E) hemoglobin buffer

Question 9

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) presence of channels in the membrane 
B) presence of lipids in the membrane 
C) being selectively permeable 
D) high sodium concentration inside the cell 
A) presence of channels in the membrane 
B) presence of lipids in the membrane 
C) being selectively permeable 
D) high sodium concentration inside the cell

Question 10

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A) acids 
B) bases 
C) salts 
D) glucose 
E) water 
A) acids 
B) bases 
C) salts 
D) glucose 
E) water

Question 11

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called __________ and is important in ____________ control.

Accepted Answer

A) insensible perspiration; blood volume 
B) insensible perspiration; heat loss 
C) sensible perspiration; blood volume 
D) sensible perspiration; temperature 
A) insensible perspiration; blood volume 
B) insensible perspiration; heat loss 
C) sensible perspiration; blood volume 
D) sensible perspiration; temperature

Question 12

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Accepted Answer

A) increased secretion of hydrogen ions. 
B) decreased secretion of hydrogen ions. 
C) no change in secretion of hydrogen ions. 
A) increased secretion of hydrogen ions. 
B) decreased secretion of hydrogen ions. 
C) no change in secretion of hydrogen ions.

Question 13

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Accepted Answer

A) sodium is excreted by the kidney. 
B) large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested. 
C) carbonic acid is formed. 
D) the respiratory rate decreases. 
E) carbon dioxide levels increase. 
A) sodium is excreted by the kidney. 
B) large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested. 
C) carbonic acid is formed. 
D) the respiratory rate decreases. 
E) carbon dioxide levels increase.

Question 14

Edema can occur when there is

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the amount of plasma proteins. 
B) a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins. 
C) a decrease in blood pressure. 
D) a blockage of the lymphatics. 
E) an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
A) an increase in the amount of plasma proteins. 
B) a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins. 
C) a decrease in blood pressure. 
D) a blockage of the lymphatics. 
E) an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 15

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A) ADH. 
B) elevated potassium levels. 
C) excess water intake. 
D) elevated sodium levels. 
E) low potassium levels. 
A) ADH. 
B) elevated potassium levels. 
C) excess water intake. 
D) elevated sodium levels. 
E) low potassium levels.

Question 16

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma 
B) interstitial compartment 
C) intracellular compartment 
D) extracellular compartment 
E) cytoplasm 
A) plasma 
B) interstitial compartment 
C) intracellular compartment 
D) extracellular compartment 
E) cytoplasm

Question 17

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Accepted Answer

A) decrease the hematocrit. 
B) decrease ADH production. 
C) increase the blood pressure. 
D) increase the osmolality of body fluids. 
E) decrease the osmolality of body fluids. 
A) decrease the hematocrit. 
B) decrease ADH production. 
C) increase the blood pressure. 
D) increase the osmolality of body fluids. 
E) decrease the osmolality of body fluids.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Accepted Answer

A) diarrhea 
B) perspiration 
C) decreased water intake 
D) decreased urine volume 
E) increased urine volume 
A) diarrhea 
B) perspiration 
C) decreased water intake 
D) decreased urine volume 
E) increased urine volume

Question 19

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Accepted Answer

A) baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to increase ADH secretion. 
B) elevated blood pressure stimulates renin secretion. 
C) the amount of angiotensin II formed is increased. 
D) aldosterone levels increase. 
E) baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to decrease ADH secretion. 
A) baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to increase ADH secretion. 
B) elevated blood pressure stimulates renin secretion. 
C) the amount of angiotensin II formed is increased. 
D) aldosterone levels increase. 
E) baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to decrease ADH secretion.

Question 20

As a result of hyperventilation,

Accepted Answer

A) the body pH decreases. 
B) the plasma PCO2 level decreases. 
C) the kidney will increase the rate of hydrogen ion excretion. 
D) more bicarbonate ions are added to the plasma. 
E) the plasma PCO2 level increases. 
A) the body pH decreases. 
B) the plasma PCO2 level decreases. 
C) the kidney will increase the rate of hydrogen ion excretion. 
D) more bicarbonate ions are added to the plasma. 
E) the plasma PCO2 level increases.

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

What cell structure regulates the composition of the intracellular fluid?

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

In hypocalcemia,

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called __________ and is important in ____________ control.

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Edema can occur when there is

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

As a result of hyperventilation,

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

Filters

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called and is important in __ control.